## DESCRIPTION
## Select the stage in cellular respiration that corresponds to the given statement.
## ENDDESCRIPTION
## KEYWORDS('five stages in cellular respiration','statements','which one','multiple choice')
## DBsubject('Biochemistry')
## DBchapter('')
## DBsection('')
## Date('2026-07-12')
## Author('Neil R. Voss')
## Institution('Roosevelt University')
DOCUMENT();
loadMacros(
'PGstandard.pl',
'PGML.pl',
'PGchoicemacros.pl',
'parserRadioButtons.pl',
'PGcourse.pl',
);
TEXT(beginproblem());
$showPartialCorrectAnswers = 0;
#==========================================================
# QUESTION DATA
#==========================================================
# All questions data
@questions_data = (
{
'item_name' => 'First stage of cellular respiration',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Glycolysis',
},
{
'item_name' => 'For each molecule of glucose, this stage produces two (2) ATP and two (2) NADH molecules',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Glycolysis',
},
{
'item_name' => 'The only stage of cellular respiration that takes place in the cytosol of the cell',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Glycolysis',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Short stage that produces carbon dioxide (CO2) and NADH',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Pyruvate Oxidation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Takes pyruvate as input and produces acetyl-CoA',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Pyruvate Oxidation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'A stage that links glycolysis to the rest of cellular respiration',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Pyruvate Oxidation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Pyruvate must enter the mitochondrial matrix for this stage to begin',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Pyruvate Oxidation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'This stage is entirely carried out by a large enzyme complex called the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Pyruvate Oxidation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'For each molecule of glucose, this stage produces zero (0) ATP and two (2) NADH molecules',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Pyruvate Oxidation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'First stage of cellular respiration that occurs within the mitochondria organelles',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Pyruvate Oxidation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Starts by joining a four carbon sugar and a two carbon sugar',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Forms a GTP molecule which is equivalent to an ATP molecule',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Final stage in the oxidation of glucose into carbon dioxide (CO2)',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Acetyl CoA serves as fuel for this stage of cellular respiration',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
},
{
'item_name' => 'This stage was identified by Hans Krebs and William Johnson in 1937 and is sometimes called the "Krebs cycle"',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Begins with the transfer of a two-carbon acetyl group to a four-carbon acceptor to form a six-carbon compound',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Begins with the transfer of a two-carbon acetyl CoA to a four-carbon oxaloacetate to form a six-carbon citrate',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
},
{
'item_name' => 'The only stage of cellular respiration that produces the electron acceptor FADH2',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
},
{
'item_name' => 'At the end this stage, the four-carbon oxaloacetate has been regenerated, and the stage repeats.',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
},
{
'item_name' => 'For each molecule of glucose, this stage produces two (2) ATP, six (6) NADH, and two (2) FADH2 molecules',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Stage of cellular respiration that extracts energy from the electron carriers NADH and FADH2',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Occurs in the membrane of the mitochondrial matrix to produce the electrochemical gradient',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Involves a series of protein complexes to extract redox energy from the high energy electrons',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Stage of cellular respiration that produces the most ATP',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Chemiosmosis',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Occurs in the membrane of the mitochondrial matrix to produce ATP',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Chemiosmosis',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Uses the electrochemical gradient to produce substrate-level phosphorylation energy molecules',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Chemiosmosis',
},
{
'item_name' => 'The protein ATP synthase works like a water turbine in a dam',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Chemiosmosis',
},
{
'item_name' => 'The only stage of cellular respiration that does NOT involve electron carriers',
'plural_choice' => 'five stages in cellular respiration',
'singular_item' => 'statement',
'choices' => [
'Glycolysis',
'Pyruvate Oxidation',
'Cirtic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)',
'Electron Transport Chain (ETC)',
'Chemiosmosis',
],
'correct' => 'Chemiosmosis',
},
);
#==========================================================
# SELECT RANDOM QUESTION
#==========================================================
my $local_random = PGrandom->new();
$local_random->srand($problemSeed);
$question_idx = $local_random->random(0, scalar(@questions_data) - 1, 1);
$q = $questions_data[$question_idx];
$item_name = $q->{'item_name'};
$plural_choice = $q->{'plural_choice'};
$singular_item = $q->{'singular_item'};
@choices = @{ $q->{'choices'} };
$correct = $q->{'correct'};
#==========================================================
# SHUFFLE CHOICES (SEED-STABLE)
#==========================================================
my @choice_indices = (0 .. $#choices);
my @choice_shuffled = ();
while (@choice_indices) {
my $pick = $local_random->random(0, $#choice_indices, 1);
push @choice_shuffled, splice(@choice_indices, $pick, 1);
}
@choices = @choices[@choice_shuffled];
#==========================================================
# BUILD RADIO BUTTONS
#==========================================================
$rb = RadioButtons(
[@choices],
$correct,
labels => 'ABC',
displayLabels => 1,
randomize => 0,
separator => '',
);
#==========================================================
# PGML
#==========================================================
BEGIN_PGML
Which one of the following [$plural_choice]* corresponds to the [$singular_item]* [$item_name]*?
[_]{$rb}
END_PGML
BEGIN_PGML_SOLUTION
The correct answer is: [$correct]*
END_PGML_SOLUTION
ENDDOCUMENT();