MC

154b_d014

In the desert population of lizards, there is a display of complete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with at least one V allele show the spotted pattern scale pattern, while those no V alleles show the solid color scale pattern.

A group of 10000 lizards were observed. 9039 exhibited the spotted pattern scale pattern, while 961 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 961 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Correct p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

3a2d_d014

Deuteranomaly red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in the OPN1MW gene. This results in shift in the green retinal receptors toward red wavelength sensitivity. The disorder affects 1 in 20 males and 1 in 400 females of Northern European ancestry. Individuals affected with color blindness have decreased ability to see colors in which they are unable distinguish between shades of red and green. The defective gene for color blindness is located on the long arm of chromosome X at position 28.


In a study of color blindness, an X-linked recessive disorder, in a population of 650 male humans, 273 were found to have the disorder.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction  
 273 
 650 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Correct — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

21c8_d014

In the freshwater stream population of fish, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale color. Individuals with two X alleles exhibit red, those with one X allele and one x allele exhibit pink, and those with two x alleles exhibit white.

A group of 2800 fish were observed. 567 exhibited the red scale color, 1386 had the pink scale color, and 847 showed the recessive form of white scale color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 567 
 2,800 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 567/2800?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

7542_d014

In the mountainous area population of lizards, there is a display of complete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with at least one U allele show the spotted pattern scale pattern, while those no U alleles show the solid color scale pattern.

A group of 10000 lizards were observed. 7599 exhibited the spotted pattern scale pattern, while 2401 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 2,401 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Correct p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

9e06_d014

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in the DMD gene. This results in dystrophin is responsible for connecting the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM) in muscle cells. The disorder affects 1 in 20,000 males. Individuals affected with DMD have muscle weakness, trouble standing up, which eventually leads to loss of skeletal muscle control, respiratory failure, and death. The defective gene for DMD is located on the short arm of chromosome X at position 21.2.


In a study of DMD, an X-linked recessive disorder, in a population of 1300 male humans, 1053 did NOT have the disorder.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction  
 1,053 
 1,300 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

e592_d014

In the tropical rainforest population of butterflies, there is a display of incomplete dominance in wing pattern. Individuals with two B alleles exhibit cirlcular, those with one B allele and one b allele exhibit wavy pattern, and those with two b alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 10000 butterflies were observed. 5041 exhibited the cirlcular wing pattern, 4118 had the wavy pattern wing pattern, and 841 showed the recessive form of solid color wing pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 4,118 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Correct — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

2624_d014

In the coral reef population of fish, there is a display of complete dominance in scale color. Individuals with at least one K allele show the red scale color, while those no K alleles show the yellow scale color.

A group of 625 fish were observed. 616 exhibited the red scale color, while 9 showed the recessive form of yellow scale color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 616 
 625 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

c6b6_d014

In the desert population of snakes, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with two E alleles exhibit diamond pattern, those with one E allele and one e allele exhibit striped pattern, and those with two e alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 1700 snakes were observed. 833 exhibited the diamond pattern scale pattern, 714 had the striped pattern scale pattern, and 153 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 833 
 1,700 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 833/1700?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

502a_d014

In the rainforest population of 1200 flowers, there were 507 with red petal color, 546 with orange petal color, and 147 with yellow petal color.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 2 × 507  +  1 × 546 
 2,400 
  = 0.65.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.65?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

280a_d014

In the garden population of flowers, there is a display of incomplete dominance in petal color. Individuals with two W alleles exhibit blue, those with one W allele and one w allele exhibit green, and those with two w alleles exhibit yellow.

A group of 2500 flowers were observed. 1,539 had either green or yellow petal color, and did NOT have blue petal color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 1,539 
 2,500 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Correct MC

993f_d014

Hemophilia A (HemA) is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that is caused by a mutation in the HEMA gene. This results in blood cannot clot properly due to a deficiency of a clotting factor. The disorder affects 1 in 1,000 American males. Individuals affected with HemA have prolonged bleeding from common injuries. The defective gene for HemA is located on the long arm of chromosome X at position 28.


In a study of HemA, an X-linked recessive disorder, in a population of 260 male humans, 143 were found to have the disorder.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction  
 143 
 260 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Correct — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

0271_d014

In the tropical rainforest population of butterflies, there is a display of complete dominance in wing pattern. Individuals with at least one P allele show the cirlcular wing pattern, while those no P alleles show the solid color wing pattern.

A group of 10000 butterflies were observed. 7599 exhibited the cirlcular wing pattern, while 2401 showed the recessive form of solid color wing pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 2,401 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Correct p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

3989_d014

In the forest population of deer, there is a display of complete dominance in antler shape. Individuals with at least one C allele show the heavily branched antler shape, while those no C alleles show the straight antler shape.

A group of 2500 deer were observed. 1659 exhibited the heavily branched antler shape, while 841 showed the recessive form of straight antler shape.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 1,659 
 2,500 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

4701_d014

In the rainforest population of lizards, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with two E alleles exhibit spotted pattern, those with one E allele and one e allele exhibit striped pattern, and those with two e alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 1200 lizards were observed. 507 exhibited the spotted pattern scale pattern, 546 had the striped pattern scale pattern, and 147 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 546 
 1,200 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Correct — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

738e_d014

In the rainforest population of flowers, there is a display of complete dominance in petal color. Individuals with at least one N allele show the black petal color, while those no N alleles show the white petal color.

A group of 2500 flowers were observed. 2499 exhibited the black petal color, while 1 showed the recessive form of white petal color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 1 
 2,500 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Correct p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

edc3_d014

Deuteranomaly red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in the OPN1MW gene. This results in shift in the green retinal receptors toward red wavelength sensitivity. The disorder affects 1 in 20 males and 1 in 400 females of Northern European ancestry. Individuals affected with color blindness have decreased ability to see colors in which they are unable distinguish between shades of red and green. The defective gene for color blindness is located on the long arm of chromosome X at position 28.


In a study of color blindness, an X-linked recessive disorder, in a population of 1300 male humans, 1001 did NOT have the disorder.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction  
 1,001 
 1,300 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

4eb9_d014

In the coral reef population of fish, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale color. Individuals with two L alleles exhibit red, those with one L allele and one l allele exhibit violet, and those with two l alleles exhibit blue.

A group of 625 fish were observed. 301 had either violet or blue scale color, and did NOT have red scale color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 301 
 625 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Correct MC

2667_d014

Deuteranomaly red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in the OPN1MW gene. This results in shift in the green retinal receptors toward red wavelength sensitivity. The disorder affects 1 in 20 males and 1 in 400 females of Northern European ancestry. Individuals affected with color blindness have decreased ability to see colors in which they are unable distinguish between shades of red and green. The defective gene for color blindness is located on the long arm of chromosome X at position 28.


In a study of color blindness, an X-linked recessive disorder, in a population of 220 male humans, 99 did NOT have the disorder.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction  
 99 
 220 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

eb87_d014

In the rainforest population of lizards, there is a display of complete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with at least one A allele show the spotted pattern scale pattern, while those no A alleles show the solid color scale pattern.

A group of 2500 lizards were observed. 2331 exhibited the spotted pattern scale pattern, while 169 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 2,331 
 2,500 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

aae4_d014

In the garden population of flowers, there is a display of incomplete dominance in petal color. Individuals with two K alleles exhibit blue, those with one K allele and one k allele exhibit green, and those with two k alleles exhibit yellow.

A group of 10000 flowers were observed. 7,191 had either green or yellow petal color, and did NOT have blue petal color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 7,191 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Correct MC

a83c_d014

In the mountainous area population of 10000 lizards, there were 7569 with spotted pattern scale pattern, 2262 with striped pattern scale pattern, and 169 with solid color scale pattern.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 1 × 2,262  +  2 × 169 
 20,000 
  = 0.13.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.13?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Correct — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

b4b8_d014

In the coral reef population of fish, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale color. Individuals with two B alleles exhibit red, those with one B allele and one b allele exhibit orange, and those with two b alleles exhibit yellow.

A group of 2500 fish were observed. 1369 exhibited the red scale color, 962 had the orange scale color, and 169 showed the recessive form of yellow scale color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 962 
 2,500 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Correct — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

507b_d014

In the woodland population of deer, there is a display of incomplete dominance in antler shape. Individuals with two C alleles exhibit heavily branched, those with one C allele and one c allele exhibit less branched, and those with two c alleles exhibit straight.

A group of 10000 deer were observed. 4,671 had either less branched or straight antler shape, and did NOT have heavily branched antler shape.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 4,671 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Correct MC

6815_d014

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in the DMD gene. This results in dystrophin is responsible for connecting the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM) in muscle cells. The disorder affects 1 in 20,000 males. Individuals affected with DMD have muscle weakness, trouble standing up, which eventually leads to loss of skeletal muscle control, respiratory failure, and death. The defective gene for DMD is located on the short arm of chromosome X at position 21.2.


In a study of DMD, an X-linked recessive disorder, in a population of 1100 male humans, 979 did NOT have the disorder.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction  
 979 
 1,100 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

1900_d014

In the coral reef population of fish, there is a display of complete dominance in scale color. Individuals with at least one N allele show the red scale color, while those no N alleles show the white scale color.

A group of 625 fish were observed. 544 exhibited the red scale color, while 81 showed the recessive form of white scale color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 544 
 625 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

4da7_d014

In the meadow population of flowers, there is a display of incomplete dominance in petal color. Individuals with two E alleles exhibit red, those with one E allele and one e allele exhibit orange, and those with two e alleles exhibit yellow.

A group of 2800 flowers were observed. 2527 exhibited the red petal color, 266 had the orange petal color, and 7 showed the recessive form of yellow petal color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 266 
 2,800 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Correct — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

8cb6_d014

In the rainforest population of flowers, there is a display of complete dominance in petal color. Individuals with at least one Q allele show the blue petal color, while those no Q alleles show the yellow petal color.

A group of 10000 flowers were observed. 8319 exhibited the blue petal color, while 1681 showed the recessive form of yellow petal color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 1,681 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Correct p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

5f6c_d014

In the woodland population of deer, there is a display of incomplete dominance in antler shape. Individuals with two O alleles exhibit heavily branched, those with one O allele and one o allele exhibit less branched, and those with two o alleles exhibit straight.

A group of 2800 deer were observed. 2023 exhibited the heavily branched antler shape, 714 had the less branched antler shape, and 63 showed the recessive form of straight antler shape.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 2,023 
 2,800 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 2023/2800?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

3fe4_d014

In the desert population of 625 snakes, there were 441 with diamond pattern scale pattern, 168 with striped pattern scale pattern, and 16 with solid color scale pattern.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 1 × 168  +  2 × 16 
 1,250 
  = 0.16.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.16?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Correct — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

c0d1_d014

In the tropical rainforest population of butterflies, there is a display of complete dominance in wing color. Individuals with at least one R allele show the black wing color, while those no R alleles show the white wing color.

A group of 2500 butterflies were observed. 2379 exhibited the black wing color, while 121 showed the recessive form of white wing color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 2,379 
 2,500 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

05b7_d014

In the tropical rainforest population of 10000 butterflies, there were 9409 with black wing color, 582 with gray wing color, and 9 with white wing color.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 1 × 582  +  2 × 9 
 20,000 
  = 0.03.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.03?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Correct — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

fa26_d014

In the meadow population of 625 flowers, there were 529 with red petal color, 92 with violet petal color, and 4 with blue petal color.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 1 × 92  +  2 × 4 
 1,250 
  = 0.08.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.08?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Correct — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

b2df_d014

In the lake population of fish, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale color. Individuals with two F alleles exhibit blue, those with one F allele and one f allele exhibit green, and those with two f alleles exhibit yellow.

A group of 10000 fish were observed. 5329 exhibited the blue scale color, 3942 had the green scale color, and 729 showed the recessive form of yellow scale color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 5,329 
 10,000 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 5329/10000?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

c2a3_d014

In the freshwater stream population of fish, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale color. Individuals with two J alleles exhibit black, those with one J allele and one j allele exhibit gray, and those with two j alleles exhibit white.

A group of 2500 fish were observed. 651 had either gray or white scale color, and did NOT have black scale color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 651 
 2,500 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Correct MC

db6e_d014

In the grassland population of 10000 deer, there were 9801 with heavily branched antler shape, 198 with less branched antler shape, and 1 with straight antler shape.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 2 × 9,801  +  1 × 198 
 20,000 
  = 0.99.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.99?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

52df_d014

In the meadow population of flowers, there is a display of complete dominance in petal color. Individuals with at least one A allele show the red petal color, while those no A alleles show the blue petal color.

A group of 625 flowers were observed. 429 exhibited the red petal color, while 196 showed the recessive form of blue petal color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 196 
 625 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Correct p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

3076_d014

In the rainforest population of lizards, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with two Q alleles exhibit spotted pattern, those with one Q allele and one q allele exhibit striped pattern, and those with two q alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 2500 lizards were observed. 2209 exhibited the spotted pattern scale pattern, 282 had the striped pattern scale pattern, and 9 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 282 
 2,500 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Correct — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

5352_d014

In the garden population of flowers, there is a display of incomplete dominance in petal color. Individuals with two R alleles exhibit black, those with one R allele and one r allele exhibit gray, and those with two r alleles exhibit white.

A group of 10000 flowers were observed. 5329 exhibited the black petal color, 3942 had the gray petal color, and 729 showed the recessive form of white petal color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 5,329 
 10,000 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 5329/10000?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

c499_d014

In the meadow population of butterflies, there is a display of complete dominance in wing color. Individuals with at least one M allele show the red wing color, while those no M alleles show the blue wing color.

A group of 10000 butterflies were observed. 9039 exhibited the red wing color, while 961 showed the recessive form of blue wing color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 9,039 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

b1e1_d014

Deuteranomaly red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in the OPN1MW gene. This results in shift in the green retinal receptors toward red wavelength sensitivity. The disorder affects 1 in 20 males and 1 in 400 females of Northern European ancestry. Individuals affected with color blindness have decreased ability to see colors in which they are unable distinguish between shades of red and green. The defective gene for color blindness is located on the long arm of chromosome X at position 28.


In a study of color blindness, an X-linked recessive disorder, in a population of 700 male humans, 483 did NOT have the disorder.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction  
 483 
 700 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

14ad_d014

In the meadow population of 2500 flowers, there were 961 with black petal color, 1178 with gray petal color, and 361 with white petal color.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 2 × 961  +  1 × 1,178 
 5,000 
  = 0.62.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.62?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

e76b_d014

In the garden population of butterflies, there is a display of incomplete dominance in wing color. Individuals with two A alleles exhibit red, those with one A allele and one a allele exhibit pink, and those with two a alleles exhibit white.

A group of 625 butterflies were observed. 529 exhibited the red wing color, 92 had the pink wing color, and 4 showed the recessive form of white wing color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 529 
 625 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 529/625?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

3397_d014

In the coral reef population of fish, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale color. Individuals with two V alleles exhibit red, those with one V allele and one v allele exhibit pink, and those with two v alleles exhibit white.

A group of 1200 fish were observed. 243 exhibited the red scale color, 594 had the pink scale color, and 363 showed the recessive form of white scale color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 243 
 1,200 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 243/1200?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

d766_d014

In the mountainous area population of lizards, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with two C alleles exhibit spotted pattern, those with one C allele and one c allele exhibit striped pattern, and those with two c alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 10000 lizards were observed. 1849 exhibited the spotted pattern scale pattern, 4902 had the striped pattern scale pattern, and 3249 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 4,902 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Correct — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

ff75_d014

In the desert population of lizards, there is a display of complete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with at least one W allele show the spotted pattern scale pattern, while those no W alleles show the solid color scale pattern.

A group of 10000 lizards were observed. 6519 exhibited the spotted pattern scale pattern, while 3481 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 6,519 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

1306_d014

In the garden population of flowers, there is a display of complete dominance in petal color. Individuals with at least one M allele show the red petal color, while those no M alleles show the yellow petal color.

A group of 10000 flowers were observed. 8319 exhibited the red petal color, while 1681 showed the recessive form of yellow petal color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 1,681 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Correct p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

5af9_d014

In the woodland population of deer, there is a display of incomplete dominance in antler shape. Individuals with two Q alleles exhibit heavily branched, those with one Q allele and one q allele exhibit less branched, and those with two q alleles exhibit straight.

A group of 10000 deer were observed. 3,439 had either less branched or straight antler shape, and did NOT have heavily branched antler shape.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 3,439 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Correct MC

ea1a_d014

In the grassland population of 10000 deer, there were 6561 with heavily branched antler shape, 3078 with less branched antler shape, and 361 with straight antler shape.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 2 × 6,561  +  1 × 3,078 
 20,000 
  = 0.81.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.81?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

348a_d014

In the rainforest population of lizards, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with two U alleles exhibit spotted pattern, those with one U allele and one u allele exhibit striped pattern, and those with two u alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 10000 lizards were observed. 3481 exhibited the spotted pattern scale pattern, 4838 had the striped pattern scale pattern, and 1681 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 3,481 
 10,000 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 3481/10000?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

137b_d014

In the forest population of deer, there is a display of complete dominance in antler shape. Individuals with at least one G allele show the heavily branched antler shape, while those no G alleles show the straight antler shape.

A group of 1200 deer were observed. 1053 exhibited the heavily branched antler shape, while 147 showed the recessive form of straight antler shape.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 1,053 
 1,200 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

bd6f_d014

In the mountainous area population of lizards, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with two K alleles exhibit spotted pattern, those with one K allele and one k allele exhibit striped pattern, and those with two k alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 625 lizards were observed. 456 had either striped pattern or solid color scale pattern, and did NOT have spotted pattern scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 456 
 625 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Correct MC

c323_d014

In the garden population of butterflies, there is a display of incomplete dominance in wing pattern. Individuals with two Q alleles exhibit cirlcular, those with one Q allele and one q allele exhibit wavy pattern, and those with two q alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 2800 butterflies were observed. 2,233 had either wavy pattern or solid color wing pattern, and did NOT have cirlcular wing pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 2,233 
 2,800 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Correct MC

72f0_d014

In the garden population of flowers, there is a display of incomplete dominance in petal color. Individuals with two C alleles exhibit red, those with one C allele and one c allele exhibit violet, and those with two c alleles exhibit blue.

A group of 10000 flowers were observed. 8,151 had either violet or blue petal color, and did NOT have red petal color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 8,151 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Correct MC

ac62_d014

In the lake population of fish, there is a display of complete dominance in scale color. Individuals with at least one H allele show the red scale color, while those no H alleles show the white scale color.

A group of 275 fish were observed. 264 exhibited the red scale color, while 11 showed the recessive form of white scale color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 264 
 275 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

026c_d014

In the lake population of 2500 fish, there were 841 with blue scale color, 1218 with green scale color, and 441 with yellow scale color.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 2 × 841  +  1 × 1,218 
 5,000 
  = 0.58.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.58?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

9409_d014

In the coral reef population of 52 fish, there were 13 with red scale color, 26 with orange scale color, and 13 with yellow scale color.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 2 × 13  +  1 × 26 
 104 
  = 0.50.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.50?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

c927_d014

In the woodland population of deer, there is a display of incomplete dominance in antler shape. Individuals with two N alleles exhibit heavily branched, those with one N allele and one n allele exhibit less branched, and those with two n alleles exhibit straight.

A group of 10000 deer were observed. 6,751 had either less branched or straight antler shape, and did NOT have heavily branched antler shape.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 6,751 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Correct MC

e095_d014

Deuteranomaly red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in the OPN1MW gene. This results in shift in the green retinal receptors toward red wavelength sensitivity. The disorder affects 1 in 20 males and 1 in 400 females of Northern European ancestry. Individuals affected with color blindness have decreased ability to see colors in which they are unable distinguish between shades of red and green. The defective gene for color blindness is located on the long arm of chromosome X at position 28.


In a study of color blindness, an X-linked recessive disorder, in a population of 1100 male humans, 847 did NOT have the disorder.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction  
 847 
 1,100 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

3424_d014

Hemophilia A (HemA) is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that is caused by a mutation in the HEMA gene. This results in blood cannot clot properly due to a deficiency of a clotting factor. The disorder affects 1 in 1,000 American males. Individuals affected with HemA have prolonged bleeding from common injuries. The defective gene for HemA is located on the long arm of chromosome X at position 28.


In a study of HemA, an X-linked recessive disorder, in a population of 1100 male humans, 517 did NOT have the disorder.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction  
 517 
 1,100 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

9a75_d014

In the rainforest population of lizards, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with two Q alleles exhibit spotted pattern, those with one Q allele and one q allele exhibit striped pattern, and those with two q alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 10000 lizards were observed. 2601 exhibited the spotted pattern scale pattern, 4998 had the striped pattern scale pattern, and 2401 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 4,998 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Correct — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

42ce_d014

In the garden population of flowers, there is a display of complete dominance in petal color. Individuals with at least one P allele show the red petal color, while those no P alleles show the yellow petal color.

A group of 10000 flowers were observed. 9159 exhibited the red petal color, while 841 showed the recessive form of yellow petal color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 841 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Correct p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

5b93_d014

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in the DMD gene. This results in dystrophin is responsible for connecting the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM) in muscle cells. The disorder affects 1 in 20,000 males. Individuals affected with DMD have muscle weakness, trouble standing up, which eventually leads to loss of skeletal muscle control, respiratory failure, and death. The defective gene for DMD is located on the short arm of chromosome X at position 21.2.


In a study of DMD, an X-linked recessive disorder, in a population of 850 male humans, 51 were found to have the disorder.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction  
 51 
 850 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Correct — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

f2a4_d014

In the woodland population of deer, there is a display of complete dominance in antler shape. Individuals with at least one U allele show the heavily branched antler shape, while those no U alleles show the straight antler shape.

A group of 10000 deer were observed. 8151 exhibited the heavily branched antler shape, while 1849 showed the recessive form of straight antler shape.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 1,849 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Correct p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

b7c5_d014

In the forest population of snakes, there is a display of complete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with at least one V allele show the diamond pattern scale pattern, while those no V alleles show the solid color scale pattern.

A group of 10000 snakes were observed. 9879 exhibited the diamond pattern scale pattern, while 121 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 121 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Correct p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

46c9_d014

In the rainforest population of flowers, there is a display of incomplete dominance in petal color. Individuals with two Q alleles exhibit blue, those with one Q allele and one q allele exhibit green, and those with two q alleles exhibit yellow.

A group of 2800 flowers were observed. 567 exhibited the blue petal color, 1386 had the green petal color, and 847 showed the recessive form of yellow petal color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 567 
 2,800 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 567/2800?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

a283_d014

In the meadow population of butterflies, there is a display of complete dominance in wing pattern. Individuals with at least one X allele show the cirlcular wing pattern, while those no X alleles show the solid color wing pattern.

A group of 10000 butterflies were observed. 6519 exhibited the cirlcular wing pattern, while 3481 showed the recessive form of solid color wing pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 6,519 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

1583_d014

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in the DMD gene. This results in dystrophin is responsible for connecting the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM) in muscle cells. The disorder affects 1 in 20,000 males. Individuals affected with DMD have muscle weakness, trouble standing up, which eventually leads to loss of skeletal muscle control, respiratory failure, and death. The defective gene for DMD is located on the short arm of chromosome X at position 21.2.


In a study of DMD, an X-linked recessive disorder, in a population of 1700 male humans, 629 were found to have the disorder.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction  
 629 
 1,700 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Correct — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

f449_d014

In the garden population of butterflies, there is a display of complete dominance in wing color. Individuals with at least one J allele show the red wing color, while those no J alleles show the blue wing color.

A group of 2500 butterflies were observed. 2331 exhibited the red wing color, while 169 showed the recessive form of blue wing color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 2,331 
 2,500 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

b9d0_d014

In the woodland population of deer, there is a display of incomplete dominance in antler shape. Individuals with two O alleles exhibit heavily branched, those with one O allele and one o allele exhibit less branched, and those with two o alleles exhibit straight.

A group of 10000 deer were observed. 4,959 had either less branched or straight antler shape, and did NOT have heavily branched antler shape.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 4,959 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Correct MC

db35_d014

In the woodland population of 10000 deer, there were 8281 with heavily branched antler shape, 1638 with less branched antler shape, and 81 with straight antler shape.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 2 × 8,281  +  1 × 1,638 
 20,000 
  = 0.91.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.91?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

b34e_d014

In the meadow population of butterflies, there is a display of incomplete dominance in wing pattern. Individuals with two E alleles exhibit cirlcular, those with one E allele and one e allele exhibit wavy pattern, and those with two e alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 625 butterflies were observed. 96 had either wavy pattern or solid color wing pattern, and did NOT have cirlcular wing pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 96 
 625 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Correct MC

8ac9_d014

Deuteranomaly red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in the OPN1MW gene. This results in shift in the green retinal receptors toward red wavelength sensitivity. The disorder affects 1 in 20 males and 1 in 400 females of Northern European ancestry. Individuals affected with color blindness have decreased ability to see colors in which they are unable distinguish between shades of red and green. The defective gene for color blindness is located on the long arm of chromosome X at position 28.


In a study of color blindness, an X-linked recessive disorder, in a population of 1300 male humans, 637 did NOT have the disorder.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction  
 637 
 1,300 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

e1f6_d014

In the lake population of fish, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale color. Individuals with two Z alleles exhibit red, those with one Z allele and one z allele exhibit orange, and those with two z alleles exhibit yellow.

A group of 10000 fish were observed. 1,351 had either orange or yellow scale color, and did NOT have red scale color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 1,351 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Correct MC

7926_d014

In the wetland population of snakes, there is a display of complete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with at least one X allele show the diamond pattern scale pattern, while those no X alleles show the solid color scale pattern.

A group of 625 snakes were observed. 561 exhibited the diamond pattern scale pattern, while 64 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 64 
 625 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Correct p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

e626_d014

In the rainforest population of lizards, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with two I alleles exhibit spotted pattern, those with one I allele and one i allele exhibit striped pattern, and those with two i alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 625 lizards were observed. 529 exhibited the spotted pattern scale pattern, 92 had the striped pattern scale pattern, and 4 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 529 
 625 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 529/625?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

00dc_d014

In the forest population of deer, there is a display of incomplete dominance in antler shape. Individuals with two J alleles exhibit heavily branched, those with one J allele and one j allele exhibit less branched, and those with two j alleles exhibit straight.

A group of 625 deer were observed. 289 exhibited the heavily branched antler shape, 272 had the less branched antler shape, and 64 showed the recessive form of straight antler shape.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 289 
 625 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 289/625?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

7f50_d014

In the garden population of flowers, there is a display of complete dominance in petal color. Individuals with at least one P allele show the blue petal color, while those no P alleles show the yellow petal color.

A group of 10000 flowers were observed. 9919 exhibited the blue petal color, while 81 showed the recessive form of yellow petal color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 81 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Correct p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

568f_d014

In the freshwater stream population of fish, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale color. Individuals with two Z alleles exhibit blue, those with one Z allele and one z allele exhibit green, and those with two z alleles exhibit yellow.

A group of 625 fish were observed. 576 exhibited the blue scale color, 48 had the green scale color, and 1 showed the recessive form of yellow scale color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 576 
 625 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 576/625?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

a6ed_d014

In the forest population of deer, there is a display of incomplete dominance in antler shape. Individuals with two K alleles exhibit heavily branched, those with one K allele and one k allele exhibit less branched, and those with two k alleles exhibit straight.

A group of 10000 deer were observed. 9409 exhibited the heavily branched antler shape, 582 had the less branched antler shape, and 9 showed the recessive form of straight antler shape.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 9,409 
 10,000 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 9409/10000?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

99cf_d014

In the desert population of lizards, there is a display of complete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with at least one Q allele show the spotted pattern scale pattern, while those no Q alleles show the solid color scale pattern.

A group of 2500 lizards were observed. 2211 exhibited the spotted pattern scale pattern, while 289 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 2,211 
 2,500 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

dc65_d014

In the meadow population of butterflies, there is a display of complete dominance in wing color. Individuals with at least one F allele show the blue wing color, while those no F alleles show the yellow wing color.

A group of 10000 butterflies were observed. 9879 exhibited the blue wing color, while 121 showed the recessive form of yellow wing color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 9,879 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

9ae5_d014

In the lake population of fish, there is a display of complete dominance in scale color. Individuals with at least one H allele show the red scale color, while those no H alleles show the white scale color.

A group of 10000 fish were observed. 6751 exhibited the red scale color, while 3249 showed the recessive form of white scale color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 6,751 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

50f6_d014

In the woodland population of 625 deer, there were 169 with heavily branched antler shape, 312 with less branched antler shape, and 144 with straight antler shape.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 2 × 169  +  1 × 312 
 1,250 
  = 0.52.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.52?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

3301_d014

In the rainforest population of lizards, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with two B alleles exhibit spotted pattern, those with one B allele and one b allele exhibit striped pattern, and those with two b alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 2500 lizards were observed. 729 exhibited the spotted pattern scale pattern, 1242 had the striped pattern scale pattern, and 529 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 729 
 2,500 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 729/2500?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

25a0_d014

In the freshwater stream population of fish, there is a display of complete dominance in scale color. Individuals with at least one R allele show the red scale color, while those no R alleles show the blue scale color.

A group of 625 fish were observed. 456 exhibited the red scale color, while 169 showed the recessive form of blue scale color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 169 
 625 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Correct p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

e9e2_d014

In the rainforest population of flowers, there is a display of complete dominance in petal color. Individuals with at least one D allele show the red petal color, while those no D alleles show the yellow petal color.

A group of 2800 flowers were observed. 2457 exhibited the red petal color, while 343 showed the recessive form of yellow petal color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 2,457 
 2,800 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

af60_d014

In the grassland population of deer, there is a display of complete dominance in antler shape. Individuals with at least one Z allele show the heavily branched antler shape, while those no Z alleles show the straight antler shape.

A group of 10000 deer were observed. 9271 exhibited the heavily branched antler shape, while 729 showed the recessive form of straight antler shape.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 729 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Correct p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

afc0_d014

In the wetland population of snakes, there is a display of complete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with at least one T allele show the diamond pattern scale pattern, while those no T alleles show the solid color scale pattern.

A group of 625 snakes were observed. 561 exhibited the diamond pattern scale pattern, while 64 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 561 
 625 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

b691_d014

In the forest population of deer, there is a display of incomplete dominance in antler shape. Individuals with two Q alleles exhibit heavily branched, those with one Q allele and one q allele exhibit less branched, and those with two q alleles exhibit straight.

A group of 10000 deer were observed. 3721 exhibited the heavily branched antler shape, 4758 had the less branched antler shape, and 1521 showed the recessive form of straight antler shape.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 4,758 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Correct — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

b416_d014

In the desert population of 10000 snakes, there were 3481 with diamond pattern scale pattern, 4838 with striped pattern scale pattern, and 1681 with solid color scale pattern.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 2 × 3,481  +  1 × 4,838 
 20,000 
  = 0.59.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.59?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

45e9_d014

In the rainforest population of 10000 lizards, there were 4761 with spotted pattern scale pattern, 4278 with striped pattern scale pattern, and 961 with solid color scale pattern.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 1 × 4,278  +  2 × 961 
 20,000 
  = 0.31.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.31?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Correct — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

9450_d014

In the meadow population of 10000 flowers, there were 3969 with red petal color, 4662 with orange petal color, and 1369 with yellow petal color.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 2 × 3,969  +  1 × 4,662 
 20,000 
  = 0.63.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.63?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

3546_d014

In the tropical rainforest population of butterflies, there is a display of complete dominance in wing pattern. Individuals with at least one B allele show the cirlcular wing pattern, while those no B alleles show the solid color wing pattern.

A group of 425 butterflies were observed. 272 exhibited the cirlcular wing pattern, while 153 showed the recessive form of solid color wing pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 153 
 425 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Correct p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

06ff_d014

In the lake population of fish, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale color. Individuals with two W alleles exhibit blue, those with one W allele and one w allele exhibit green, and those with two w alleles exhibit yellow.

A group of 10000 fish were observed. 1,719 had either green or yellow scale color, and did NOT have blue scale color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 1,719 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Correct MC

ed51_d014

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in the DMD gene. This results in dystrophin is responsible for connecting the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM) in muscle cells. The disorder affects 1 in 20,000 males. Individuals affected with DMD have muscle weakness, trouble standing up, which eventually leads to loss of skeletal muscle control, respiratory failure, and death. The defective gene for DMD is located on the short arm of chromosome X at position 21.2.


In a study of DMD, an X-linked recessive disorder, in a population of 550 male humans, 99 were found to have the disorder.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction  
 99 
 550 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Correct — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

1c79_d014

In the tropical rainforest population of butterflies, there is a display of incomplete dominance in wing color. Individuals with two D alleles exhibit blue, those with one D allele and one d allele exhibit green, and those with two d alleles exhibit yellow.

A group of 2500 butterflies were observed. 529 exhibited the blue wing color, 1242 had the green wing color, and 729 showed the recessive form of yellow wing color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 1,242 
 2,500 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Correct — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

9538_d014

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that is caused by a mutation in the AR gene for the human androgen receptor. This results in partial or complete inability of cells to respond to androgens. The disorder affects 1 in 20,000. Individuals affected with AIS have impaired development of male genitals and male secondary sexual characteristics at puberty. The defective gene for AIS is located on the long arm of chromosome X at position 11.


In a study of AIS, an X-linked recessive disorder, in a population of 700 male humans, 259 were found to have the disorder.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction  
 259 
 700 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Correct — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

a043_d014

In the rainforest population of lizards, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with two C alleles exhibit spotted pattern, those with one C allele and one c allele exhibit striped pattern, and those with two c alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 625 lizards were observed. 289 exhibited the spotted pattern scale pattern, 272 had the striped pattern scale pattern, and 64 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 272 
 625 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Correct — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

4c47_d014

In the mountainous area population of lizards, there is a display of complete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with at least one E allele show the spotted pattern scale pattern, while those no E alleles show the solid color scale pattern.

A group of 10000 lizards were observed. 9879 exhibited the spotted pattern scale pattern, while 121 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 121 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Correct p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

638a_d014

Deuteranomaly red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in the OPN1MW gene. This results in shift in the green retinal receptors toward red wavelength sensitivity. The disorder affects 1 in 20 males and 1 in 400 females of Northern European ancestry. Individuals affected with color blindness have decreased ability to see colors in which they are unable distinguish between shades of red and green. The defective gene for color blindness is located on the long arm of chromosome X at position 28.


In a study of color blindness, an X-linked recessive disorder, in a population of 1100 male humans, 539 were found to have the disorder.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction  
 539 
 1,100 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Correct — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

15f3_d014

In the rainforest population of flowers, there is a display of complete dominance in petal color. Individuals with at least one U allele show the red petal color, while those no U alleles show the blue petal color.

A group of 2500 flowers were observed. 2451 exhibited the red petal color, while 49 showed the recessive form of blue petal color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 2,451 
 2,500 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

f0ff_d014

In the mountainous area population of lizards, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with two Y alleles exhibit spotted pattern, those with one Y allele and one y allele exhibit striped pattern, and those with two y alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 625 lizards were observed. 576 exhibited the spotted pattern scale pattern, 48 had the striped pattern scale pattern, and 1 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 576 
 625 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 576/625?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

f4e1_d014

In the freshwater stream population of fish, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale color. Individuals with two Z alleles exhibit blue, those with one Z allele and one z allele exhibit green, and those with two z alleles exhibit yellow.

A group of 10000 fish were observed. 1849 exhibited the blue scale color, 4902 had the green scale color, and 3249 showed the recessive form of yellow scale color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 4,902 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Correct — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

47f9_d014

In the desert population of lizards, there is a display of complete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with at least one C allele show the spotted pattern scale pattern, while those no C alleles show the solid color scale pattern.

A group of 2500 lizards were observed. 2419 exhibited the spotted pattern scale pattern, while 81 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 2,419 
 2,500 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

d0a6_d014

In the forest population of deer, there is a display of incomplete dominance in antler shape. Individuals with two T alleles exhibit heavily branched, those with one T allele and one t allele exhibit less branched, and those with two t alleles exhibit straight.

A group of 10000 deer were observed. 3249 exhibited the heavily branched antler shape, 4902 had the less branched antler shape, and 1849 showed the recessive form of straight antler shape.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 4,902 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Correct — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

91b6_d014

In the grassland population of deer, there is a display of complete dominance in antler shape. Individuals with at least one H allele show the heavily branched antler shape, while those no H alleles show the straight antler shape.

A group of 10000 deer were observed. 7191 exhibited the heavily branched antler shape, while 2809 showed the recessive form of straight antler shape.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 7,191 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

c95e_d014

In the garden population of 10000 butterflies, there were 1681 with red wing color, 4838 with violet wing color, and 3481 with blue wing color.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 2 × 1,681  +  1 × 4,838 
 20,000 
  = 0.41.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.41?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

c1b9_d014

In the rainforest population of lizards, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with two D alleles exhibit spotted pattern, those with one D allele and one d allele exhibit striped pattern, and those with two d alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 2500 lizards were observed. 961 exhibited the spotted pattern scale pattern, 1178 had the striped pattern scale pattern, and 361 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 961 
 2,500 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 961/2500?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

967c_d014

In the desert population of 1200 snakes, there were 1083 with diamond pattern scale pattern, 114 with striped pattern scale pattern, and 3 with solid color scale pattern.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 2 × 1,083  +  1 × 114 
 2,400 
  = 0.95.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.95?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

8215_d014

In the lake population of 2500 fish, there were 1089 with black scale color, 1122 with gray scale color, and 289 with white scale color.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 2 × 1,089  +  1 × 1,122 
 5,000 
  = 0.66.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.66?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

c836_d014

In the coral reef population of fish, there is a display of complete dominance in scale color. Individuals with at least one X allele show the red scale color, while those no X alleles show the blue scale color.

A group of 2800 fish were observed. 2737 exhibited the red scale color, while 63 showed the recessive form of blue scale color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 63 
 2,800 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Correct p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

2b6e_d014

In the meadow population of butterflies, there is a display of complete dominance in wing color. Individuals with at least one X allele show the blue wing color, while those no X alleles show the yellow wing color.

A group of 10000 butterflies were observed. 8631 exhibited the blue wing color, while 1369 showed the recessive form of yellow wing color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 8,631 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

6fe1_d014

In the meadow population of butterflies, there is a display of complete dominance in wing pattern. Individuals with at least one H allele show the cirlcular wing pattern, while those no H alleles show the solid color wing pattern.

A group of 2500 butterflies were observed. 2331 exhibited the cirlcular wing pattern, while 169 showed the recessive form of solid color wing pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 169 
 2,500 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Correct p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

a58e_d014

In the desert population of snakes, there is a display of complete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with at least one C allele show the diamond pattern scale pattern, while those no C alleles show the solid color scale pattern.

A group of 10000 snakes were observed. 9991 exhibited the diamond pattern scale pattern, while 9 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 9,991 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

034b_d014

Deuteranomaly red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in the OPN1MW gene. This results in shift in the green retinal receptors toward red wavelength sensitivity. The disorder affects 1 in 20 males and 1 in 400 females of Northern European ancestry. Individuals affected with color blindness have decreased ability to see colors in which they are unable distinguish between shades of red and green. The defective gene for color blindness is located on the long arm of chromosome X at position 28.


In a study of color blindness, an X-linked recessive disorder, in a population of 700 male humans, 161 were found to have the disorder.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction  
 161 
 700 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Correct — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

8649_d014

In the lake population of fish, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale color. Individuals with two P alleles exhibit red, those with one P allele and one p allele exhibit violet, and those with two p alleles exhibit blue.

A group of 2800 fish were observed. 777 had either violet or blue scale color, and did NOT have red scale color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 777 
 2,800 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Correct MC

7463_d014

In the coral reef population of fish, there is a display of complete dominance in scale color. Individuals with at least one G allele show the red scale color, while those no G alleles show the blue scale color.

A group of 10000 fish were observed. 7791 exhibited the red scale color, while 2209 showed the recessive form of blue scale color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 2,209 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Correct p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

b465_d014

In the grassland population of deer, there is a display of complete dominance in antler shape. Individuals with at least one S allele show the heavily branched antler shape, while those no S alleles show the straight antler shape.

A group of 10000 deer were observed. 9919 exhibited the heavily branched antler shape, while 81 showed the recessive form of straight antler shape.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 9,919 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

ddbe_d014

In the lake population of fish, there is a display of complete dominance in scale color. Individuals with at least one Y allele show the red scale color, while those no Y alleles show the white scale color.

A group of 2800 fish were observed. 2233 exhibited the red scale color, while 567 showed the recessive form of white scale color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 567 
 2,800 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Correct p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

ee1e_d014

In the mountainous area population of lizards, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with two K alleles exhibit spotted pattern, those with one K allele and one k allele exhibit striped pattern, and those with two k alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 175 lizards were observed. 63 had either striped pattern or solid color scale pattern, and did NOT have spotted pattern scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 63 
 175 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Correct MC

5caf_d014

In the woodland population of 10000 deer, there were 2209 with heavily branched antler shape, 4982 with less branched antler shape, and 2809 with straight antler shape.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 1 × 4,982  +  2 × 2,809 
 20,000 
  = 0.53.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.53?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Correct — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

ae2e_d014

In the garden population of flowers, there is a display of complete dominance in petal color. Individuals with at least one Z allele show the red petal color, while those no Z alleles show the yellow petal color.

A group of 2500 flowers were observed. 2491 exhibited the red petal color, while 9 showed the recessive form of yellow petal color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 9 
 2,500 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Correct p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

b4e9_d014

In the grassland population of deer, there is a display of incomplete dominance in antler shape. Individuals with two F alleles exhibit heavily branched, those with one F allele and one f allele exhibit less branched, and those with two f alleles exhibit straight.

A group of 625 deer were observed. 289 exhibited the heavily branched antler shape, 272 had the less branched antler shape, and 64 showed the recessive form of straight antler shape.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 272 
 625 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Correct — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

a93f_d014

In the lake population of fish, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale color. Individuals with two Z alleles exhibit red, those with one Z allele and one z allele exhibit orange, and those with two z alleles exhibit yellow.

A group of 625 fish were observed. 324 exhibited the red scale color, 252 had the orange scale color, and 49 showed the recessive form of yellow scale color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 252 
 625 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Correct — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

1852_d014

In the mountainous area population of 10000 lizards, there were 2209 with spotted pattern scale pattern, 4982 with striped pattern scale pattern, and 2809 with solid color scale pattern.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 1 × 4,982  +  2 × 2,809 
 20,000 
  = 0.53.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.53?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Correct — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

5751_d014

In the lake population of fish, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale color. Individuals with two C alleles exhibit blue, those with one C allele and one c allele exhibit green, and those with two c alleles exhibit yellow.

A group of 1300 fish were observed. 663 had either green or yellow scale color, and did NOT have blue scale color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 663 
 1,300 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Correct MC

7e21_d014

In the forest population of deer, there is a display of incomplete dominance in antler shape. Individuals with two P alleles exhibit heavily branched, those with one P allele and one p allele exhibit less branched, and those with two p alleles exhibit straight.

A group of 10000 deer were observed. 3721 exhibited the heavily branched antler shape, 4758 had the less branched antler shape, and 1521 showed the recessive form of straight antler shape.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 3,721 
 10,000 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 3721/10000?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

1fc6_d014

In the meadow population of butterflies, there is a display of complete dominance in wing color. Individuals with at least one E allele show the red wing color, while those no E alleles show the blue wing color.

A group of 10000 butterflies were observed. 7599 exhibited the red wing color, while 2401 showed the recessive form of blue wing color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 7,599 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

b241_d014

In the rainforest population of flowers, there is a display of complete dominance in petal color. Individuals with at least one Y allele show the red petal color, while those no Y alleles show the yellow petal color.

A group of 10000 flowers were observed. 9711 exhibited the red petal color, while 289 showed the recessive form of yellow petal color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 9,711 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

bc5f_d014

In the meadow population of butterflies, there is a display of complete dominance in wing pattern. Individuals with at least one P allele show the cirlcular wing pattern, while those no P alleles show the solid color wing pattern.

A group of 2500 butterflies were observed. 2059 exhibited the cirlcular wing pattern, while 441 showed the recessive form of solid color wing pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 441 
 2,500 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Correct p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

b0f3_d014

In the woodland population of deer, there is a display of complete dominance in antler shape. Individuals with at least one V allele show the heavily branched antler shape, while those no V alleles show the straight antler shape.

A group of 1200 deer were observed. 1197 exhibited the heavily branched antler shape, while 3 showed the recessive form of straight antler shape.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 1,197 
 1,200 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

7a31_d014

In the desert population of snakes, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with two I alleles exhibit diamond pattern, those with one I allele and one i allele exhibit striped pattern, and those with two i alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 2500 snakes were observed. 1369 exhibited the diamond pattern scale pattern, 962 had the striped pattern scale pattern, and 169 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 962 
 2,500 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Correct — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

0438_d014

In the meadow population of butterflies, there is a display of incomplete dominance in wing color. Individuals with two H alleles exhibit red, those with one H allele and one h allele exhibit violet, and those with two h alleles exhibit blue.

A group of 10000 butterflies were observed. 6889 exhibited the red wing color, 2822 had the violet wing color, and 289 showed the recessive form of blue wing color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 2,822 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Correct — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

e144_d014

Deuteranomaly red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in the OPN1MW gene. This results in shift in the green retinal receptors toward red wavelength sensitivity. The disorder affects 1 in 20 males and 1 in 400 females of Northern European ancestry. Individuals affected with color blindness have decreased ability to see colors in which they are unable distinguish between shades of red and green. The defective gene for color blindness is located on the long arm of chromosome X at position 28.


In a study of color blindness, an X-linked recessive disorder, in a population of 850 male humans, 187 were found to have the disorder.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction  
 187 
 850 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Correct — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

5492_d014

In the forest population of snakes, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with two I alleles exhibit diamond pattern, those with one I allele and one i allele exhibit striped pattern, and those with two i alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 10000 snakes were observed. 3969 exhibited the diamond pattern scale pattern, 4662 had the striped pattern scale pattern, and 1369 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 3,969 
 10,000 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 3969/10000?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

7718_d014

Hemophilia A (HemA) is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that is caused by a mutation in the HEMA gene. This results in blood cannot clot properly due to a deficiency of a clotting factor. The disorder affects 1 in 1,000 American males. Individuals affected with HemA have prolonged bleeding from common injuries. The defective gene for HemA is located on the long arm of chromosome X at position 28.


In a study of HemA, an X-linked recessive disorder, in a population of 425 male humans, 187 were found to have the disorder.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction  
 187 
 425 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Correct — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

1d4e_d014

In the rainforest population of 10000 lizards, there were 2809 with spotted pattern scale pattern, 4982 with striped pattern scale pattern, and 2209 with solid color scale pattern.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 2 × 2,809  +  1 × 4,982 
 20,000 
  = 0.53.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.53?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

82d0_d014

In the rainforest population of 2500 lizards, there were 961 with spotted pattern scale pattern, 1178 with striped pattern scale pattern, and 361 with solid color scale pattern.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 1 × 1,178  +  2 × 361 
 5,000 
  = 0.38.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.38?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Correct — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

3964_d014

In the rainforest population of lizards, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with two Y alleles exhibit spotted pattern, those with one Y allele and one y allele exhibit striped pattern, and those with two y alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 10000 lizards were observed. 8281 exhibited the spotted pattern scale pattern, 1638 had the striped pattern scale pattern, and 81 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 8,281 
 10,000 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 8281/10000?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

0cb1_d014

In the tropical rainforest population of butterflies, there is a display of incomplete dominance in wing pattern. Individuals with two W alleles exhibit cirlcular, those with one W allele and one w allele exhibit wavy pattern, and those with two w alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 325 butterflies were observed. 117 had either wavy pattern or solid color wing pattern, and did NOT have cirlcular wing pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 117 
 325 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Correct MC

bd76_d014

In the tropical rainforest population of butterflies, there is a display of incomplete dominance in wing color. Individuals with two B alleles exhibit red, those with one B allele and one b allele exhibit pink, and those with two b alleles exhibit white.

A group of 2800 butterflies were observed. 567 exhibited the red wing color, 1386 had the pink wing color, and 847 showed the recessive form of white wing color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 1,386 
 2,800 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Correct — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

30a0_d014

In the rainforest population of flowers, there is a display of incomplete dominance in petal color. Individuals with two M alleles exhibit black, those with one M allele and one m allele exhibit gray, and those with two m alleles exhibit white.

A group of 10000 flowers were observed. 3721 exhibited the black petal color, 4758 had the gray petal color, and 1521 showed the recessive form of white petal color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 4,758 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Correct — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

6264_d014

In the woodland population of deer, there is a display of complete dominance in antler shape. Individuals with at least one M allele show the heavily branched antler shape, while those no M alleles show the straight antler shape.

A group of 625 deer were observed. 481 exhibited the heavily branched antler shape, while 144 showed the recessive form of straight antler shape.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 481 
 625 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

cdfe_d014

In the rainforest population of flowers, there is a display of incomplete dominance in petal color. Individuals with two I alleles exhibit red, those with one I allele and one i allele exhibit pink, and those with two i alleles exhibit white.

A group of 10000 flowers were observed. 4761 exhibited the red petal color, 4278 had the pink petal color, and 961 showed the recessive form of white petal color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 4,278 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Correct — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

e493_d014

In the desert population of snakes, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with two A alleles exhibit diamond pattern, those with one A allele and one a allele exhibit striped pattern, and those with two a alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 2500 snakes were observed. 729 exhibited the diamond pattern scale pattern, 1242 had the striped pattern scale pattern, and 529 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 729 
 2,500 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 729/2500?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

7272_d014

Deuteranomaly red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in the OPN1MW gene. This results in shift in the green retinal receptors toward red wavelength sensitivity. The disorder affects 1 in 20 males and 1 in 400 females of Northern European ancestry. Individuals affected with color blindness have decreased ability to see colors in which they are unable distinguish between shades of red and green. The defective gene for color blindness is located on the long arm of chromosome X at position 28.


In a study of color blindness, an X-linked recessive disorder, in a population of 350 male humans, 343 did NOT have the disorder.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction  
 343 
 350 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

25c4_d014

Deuteranomaly red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in the OPN1MW gene. This results in shift in the green retinal receptors toward red wavelength sensitivity. The disorder affects 1 in 20 males and 1 in 400 females of Northern European ancestry. Individuals affected with color blindness have decreased ability to see colors in which they are unable distinguish between shades of red and green. The defective gene for color blindness is located on the long arm of chromosome X at position 28.


In a study of color blindness, an X-linked recessive disorder, in a population of 700 male humans, 567 did NOT have the disorder.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction  
 567 
 700 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

9a28_d014

In the tropical rainforest population of butterflies, there is a display of incomplete dominance in wing color. Individuals with two Q alleles exhibit red, those with one Q allele and one q allele exhibit pink, and those with two q alleles exhibit white.

A group of 1200 butterflies were observed. 867 exhibited the red wing color, 306 had the pink wing color, and 27 showed the recessive form of white wing color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 306 
 1,200 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Correct — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

c9f0_d014

In the lake population of fish, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale color. Individuals with two C alleles exhibit red, those with one C allele and one c allele exhibit orange, and those with two c alleles exhibit yellow.

A group of 625 fish were observed. 144 exhibited the red scale color, 312 had the orange scale color, and 169 showed the recessive form of yellow scale color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 144 
 625 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 144/625?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

a1a1_d014

In the grassland population of deer, there is a display of incomplete dominance in antler shape. Individuals with two H alleles exhibit heavily branched, those with one H allele and one h allele exhibit less branched, and those with two h alleles exhibit straight.

A group of 625 deer were observed. 264 had either less branched or straight antler shape, and did NOT have heavily branched antler shape.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 264 
 625 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Correct MC

39ee_d014

In the garden population of butterflies, there is a display of incomplete dominance in wing pattern. Individuals with two H alleles exhibit cirlcular, those with one H allele and one h allele exhibit wavy pattern, and those with two h alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 2500 butterflies were observed. 1521 exhibited the cirlcular wing pattern, 858 had the wavy pattern wing pattern, and 121 showed the recessive form of solid color wing pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 858 
 2,500 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Correct — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

64cb_d014

In the wetland population of snakes, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with two F alleles exhibit diamond pattern, those with one F allele and one f allele exhibit striped pattern, and those with two f alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 10000 snakes were observed. 8649 exhibited the diamond pattern scale pattern, 1302 had the striped pattern scale pattern, and 49 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 8,649 
 10,000 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 8649/10000?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

a5a1_d014

In the woodland population of deer, there is a display of complete dominance in antler shape. Individuals with at least one G allele show the heavily branched antler shape, while those no G alleles show the straight antler shape.

A group of 10000 deer were observed. 8319 exhibited the heavily branched antler shape, while 1681 showed the recessive form of straight antler shape.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 1,681 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Correct p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

164e_d014

In the mountainous area population of 2500 lizards, there were 1521 with spotted pattern scale pattern, 858 with striped pattern scale pattern, and 121 with solid color scale pattern.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 1 × 858  +  2 × 121 
 5,000 
  = 0.22.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.22?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Correct — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

a235_d014

In the meadow population of butterflies, there is a display of incomplete dominance in wing pattern. Individuals with two Z alleles exhibit cirlcular, those with one Z allele and one z allele exhibit wavy pattern, and those with two z alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 10000 butterflies were observed. 5329 exhibited the cirlcular wing pattern, 3942 had the wavy pattern wing pattern, and 729 showed the recessive form of solid color wing pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 3,942 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Correct — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

28b4_d014

In the desert population of 10000 lizards, there were 3721 with spotted pattern scale pattern, 4758 with striped pattern scale pattern, and 1521 with solid color scale pattern.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 2 × 3,721  +  1 × 4,758 
 20,000 
  = 0.61.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.61?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

f5a4_d014

In the garden population of butterflies, there is a display of complete dominance in wing pattern. Individuals with at least one V allele show the cirlcular wing pattern, while those no V alleles show the solid color wing pattern.

A group of 10000 butterflies were observed. 9639 exhibited the cirlcular wing pattern, while 361 showed the recessive form of solid color wing pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 361 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Correct p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

d77d_d014

In the garden population of flowers, there is a display of complete dominance in petal color. Individuals with at least one E allele show the black petal color, while those no E alleles show the white petal color.

A group of 2500 flowers were observed. 2379 exhibited the black petal color, while 121 showed the recessive form of white petal color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 121 
 2,500 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Correct p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

021a_d014

In the coral reef population of fish, there is a display of complete dominance in scale color. Individuals with at least one R allele show the red scale color, while those no R alleles show the white scale color.

A group of 625 fish were observed. 624 exhibited the red scale color, while 1 showed the recessive form of white scale color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 624 
 625 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

3d82_d014

In the lake population of fish, there is a display of complete dominance in scale color. Individuals with at least one K allele show the black scale color, while those no K alleles show the white scale color.

A group of 2800 fish were observed. 2737 exhibited the black scale color, while 63 showed the recessive form of white scale color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 2,737 
 2,800 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

57a0_d014

In the desert population of 176 lizards, there were 99 with spotted pattern scale pattern, 66 with striped pattern scale pattern, and 11 with solid color scale pattern.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 2 × 99  +  1 × 66 
 352 
  = 0.75.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.75?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

c227_d014

In the coral reef population of 10000 fish, there were 2401 with black scale color, 4998 with gray scale color, and 2601 with white scale color.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 1 × 4,998  +  2 × 2,601 
 20,000 
  = 0.51.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.51?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Correct — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

77a6_d014

In the lake population of fish, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale color. Individuals with two C alleles exhibit blue, those with one C allele and one c allele exhibit green, and those with two c alleles exhibit yellow.

A group of 2800 fish were observed. 567 exhibited the blue scale color, 1386 had the green scale color, and 847 showed the recessive form of yellow scale color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 567 
 2,800 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 567/2800?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

ab06_d014

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in the DMD gene. This results in dystrophin is responsible for connecting the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM) in muscle cells. The disorder affects 1 in 20,000 males. Individuals affected with DMD have muscle weakness, trouble standing up, which eventually leads to loss of skeletal muscle control, respiratory failure, and death. The defective gene for DMD is located on the short arm of chromosome X at position 21.2.


In a study of DMD, an X-linked recessive disorder, in a population of 28 male humans, 7 were found to have the disorder.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction  
 7 
 28 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Correct — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

68c5_d014

In the meadow population of butterflies, there is a display of incomplete dominance in wing color. Individuals with two I alleles exhibit red, those with one I allele and one i allele exhibit orange, and those with two i alleles exhibit yellow.

A group of 2500 butterflies were observed. 99 had either orange or yellow wing color, and did NOT have red wing color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 99 
 2,500 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Correct MC

e4cb_d014

In the tropical rainforest population of butterflies, there is a display of incomplete dominance in wing pattern. Individuals with two V alleles exhibit cirlcular, those with one V allele and one v allele exhibit wavy pattern, and those with two v alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 10000 butterflies were observed. 3,111 had either wavy pattern or solid color wing pattern, and did NOT have cirlcular wing pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 3,111 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Correct MC

6fe8_d014

Deuteranomaly red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in the OPN1MW gene. This results in shift in the green retinal receptors toward red wavelength sensitivity. The disorder affects 1 in 20 males and 1 in 400 females of Northern European ancestry. Individuals affected with color blindness have decreased ability to see colors in which they are unable distinguish between shades of red and green. The defective gene for color blindness is located on the long arm of chromosome X at position 28.


In a study of color blindness, an X-linked recessive disorder, in a population of 350 male humans, 203 did NOT have the disorder.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction  
 203 
 350 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

edc7_d014

In the forest population of snakes, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with two D alleles exhibit diamond pattern, those with one D allele and one d allele exhibit striped pattern, and those with two d alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 2500 snakes were observed. 529 exhibited the diamond pattern scale pattern, 1242 had the striped pattern scale pattern, and 729 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 529 
 2,500 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 529/2500?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

358b_d014

In the wetland population of 2500 snakes, there were 441 with diamond pattern scale pattern, 1218 with striped pattern scale pattern, and 841 with solid color scale pattern.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 2 × 441  +  1 × 1,218 
 5,000 
  = 0.42.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.42?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

6cd7_d014

In the tropical rainforest population of butterflies, there is a display of complete dominance in wing color. Individuals with at least one S allele show the blue wing color, while those no S alleles show the yellow wing color.

A group of 10000 butterflies were observed. 8631 exhibited the blue wing color, while 1369 showed the recessive form of yellow wing color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 8,631 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

d2bc_d014

In the meadow population of butterflies, there is a display of complete dominance in wing color. Individuals with at least one W allele show the red wing color, while those no W alleles show the blue wing color.

A group of 2800 butterflies were observed. 2457 exhibited the red wing color, while 343 showed the recessive form of blue wing color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 2,457 
 2,800 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

00a3_d014

In the woodland population of 1100 deer, there were 539 with heavily branched antler shape, 462 with less branched antler shape, and 99 with straight antler shape.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 1 × 462  +  2 × 99 
 2,200 
  = 0.30.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.30?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Correct — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

1285_d014

In the mountainous area population of lizards, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with two J alleles exhibit spotted pattern, those with one J allele and one j allele exhibit striped pattern, and those with two j alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 10000 lizards were observed. 7,599 had either striped pattern or solid color scale pattern, and did NOT have spotted pattern scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 7,599 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Correct MC

c788_d014

In the coral reef population of fish, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale color. Individuals with two W alleles exhibit red, those with one W allele and one w allele exhibit violet, and those with two w alleles exhibit blue.

A group of 208 fish were observed. 117 exhibited the red scale color, 78 had the violet scale color, and 13 showed the recessive form of blue scale color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 78 
 208 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Correct — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

4600_d014

In the forest population of snakes, there is a display of complete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with at least one D allele show the diamond pattern scale pattern, while those no D alleles show the solid color scale pattern.

A group of 10000 snakes were observed. 9919 exhibited the diamond pattern scale pattern, while 81 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 9,919 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

4bdc_d014

In the tropical rainforest population of 625 butterflies, there were 196 with red wing color, 308 with pink wing color, and 121 with white wing color.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 1 × 308  +  2 × 121 
 1,250 
  = 0.44.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.44?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Correct — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

f373_d014

In the rainforest population of lizards, there is a display of complete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with at least one D allele show the spotted pattern scale pattern, while those no D alleles show the solid color scale pattern.

A group of 1100 lizards were observed. 1089 exhibited the spotted pattern scale pattern, while 11 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 1,089 
 1,100 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

3598_d014

In the freshwater stream population of 275 fish, there were 44 with red scale color, 132 with violet scale color, and 99 with blue scale color.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 1 × 132  +  2 × 99 
 550 
  = 0.60.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.60?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Correct — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

71f3_d014

In the meadow population of flowers, there is a display of incomplete dominance in petal color. Individuals with two T alleles exhibit blue, those with one T allele and one t allele exhibit green, and those with two t alleles exhibit yellow.

A group of 700 flowers were observed. 343 exhibited the blue petal color, 294 had the green petal color, and 63 showed the recessive form of yellow petal color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 343 
 700 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 343/700?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

0ec0_d014

In the desert population of lizards, there is a display of complete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with at least one G allele show the spotted pattern scale pattern, while those no G alleles show the solid color scale pattern.

A group of 10000 lizards were observed. 7599 exhibited the spotted pattern scale pattern, while 2401 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 7,599 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

8e5b_d014

In the rainforest population of 2500 flowers, there were 1681 with red petal color, 738 with violet petal color, and 81 with blue petal color.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 2 × 1,681  +  1 × 738 
 5,000 
  = 0.82.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.82?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

4574_d014

In the mountainous area population of lizards, there is a display of complete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with at least one D allele show the spotted pattern scale pattern, while those no D alleles show the solid color scale pattern.

A group of 52 lizards were observed. 39 exhibited the spotted pattern scale pattern, while 13 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 39 
 52 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

d3f2_d014

In the meadow population of butterflies, there is a display of incomplete dominance in wing pattern. Individuals with two G alleles exhibit cirlcular, those with one G allele and one g allele exhibit wavy pattern, and those with two g alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 10000 butterflies were observed. 9409 exhibited the cirlcular wing pattern, 582 had the wavy pattern wing pattern, and 9 showed the recessive form of solid color wing pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 9,409 
 10,000 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 9409/10000?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

eb6b_d014

In the rainforest population of lizards, there is a display of complete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with at least one N allele show the spotted pattern scale pattern, while those no N alleles show the solid color scale pattern.

A group of 1200 lizards were observed. 1197 exhibited the spotted pattern scale pattern, while 3 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 1,197 
 1,200 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

3872_d014

In the woodland population of 10000 deer, there were 3721 with heavily branched antler shape, 4758 with less branched antler shape, and 1521 with straight antler shape.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 1 × 4,758  +  2 × 1,521 
 20,000 
  = 0.39.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.39?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Correct — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

e0db_d014

In the coral reef population of 625 fish, there were 324 with red scale color, 252 with orange scale color, and 49 with yellow scale color.

The researcher calculates a fraction of  
 1 × 252  +  2 × 49 
 1,250 
  = 0.28.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable below is represented by the value 0.28?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Correct — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

88bc_d014

In the forest population of deer, there is a display of complete dominance in antler shape. Individuals with at least one O allele show the heavily branched antler shape, while those no O alleles show the straight antler shape.

A group of 625 deer were observed. 429 exhibited the heavily branched antler shape, while 196 showed the recessive form of straight antler shape.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 429 
 625 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

0b7b_d014

In the garden population of butterflies, there is a display of incomplete dominance in wing pattern. Individuals with two A alleles exhibit cirlcular, those with one A allele and one a allele exhibit wavy pattern, and those with two a alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 2500 butterflies were observed. 1,659 had either wavy pattern or solid color wing pattern, and did NOT have cirlcular wing pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 1,659 
 2,500 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Correct MC

1cd9_d014

In the rainforest population of lizards, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with two B alleles exhibit spotted pattern, those with one B allele and one b allele exhibit striped pattern, and those with two b alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 2500 lizards were observed. 441 exhibited the spotted pattern scale pattern, 1218 had the striped pattern scale pattern, and 841 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 1,218 
 2,500 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Correct — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

f9a0_d014

In the desert population of lizards, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with two A alleles exhibit spotted pattern, those with one A allele and one a allele exhibit striped pattern, and those with two a alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 2500 lizards were observed. 1521 exhibited the spotted pattern scale pattern, 858 had the striped pattern scale pattern, and 121 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 858 
 2,500 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Correct — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

887d_d014

In the freshwater stream population of fish, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale color. Individuals with two N alleles exhibit blue, those with one N allele and one n allele exhibit green, and those with two n alleles exhibit yellow.

A group of 2800 fish were observed. 1183 exhibited the blue scale color, 1274 had the green scale color, and 343 showed the recessive form of yellow scale color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 1,183 
 2,800 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 1183/2800?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

550e_d014

In the rainforest population of lizards, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with two X alleles exhibit spotted pattern, those with one X allele and one x allele exhibit striped pattern, and those with two x alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 625 lizards were observed. 256 exhibited the spotted pattern scale pattern, 288 had the striped pattern scale pattern, and 81 showed the recessive form of solid color scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 288 
 625 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Correct — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

3437_d014

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that is caused by a mutation in the AR gene for the human androgen receptor. This results in partial or complete inability of cells to respond to androgens. The disorder affects 1 in 20,000. Individuals affected with AIS have impaired development of male genitals and male secondary sexual characteristics at puberty. The defective gene for AIS is located on the long arm of chromosome X at position 11.


In a study of AIS, an X-linked recessive disorder, in a population of 1300 male humans, 689 did NOT have the disorder.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction  
 689 
 1,300 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

a2f9_d014

Deuteranomaly red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in the OPN1MW gene. This results in shift in the green retinal receptors toward red wavelength sensitivity. The disorder affects 1 in 20 males and 1 in 400 females of Northern European ancestry. Individuals affected with color blindness have decreased ability to see colors in which they are unable distinguish between shades of red and green. The defective gene for color blindness is located on the long arm of chromosome X at position 28.


In a study of color blindness, an X-linked recessive disorder, in a population of 1700 male humans, 833 did NOT have the disorder.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction  
 833 
 1,700 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Correct q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

7a24_d014

In the tropical rainforest population of butterflies, there is a display of incomplete dominance in wing pattern. Individuals with two E alleles exhibit cirlcular, those with one E allele and one e allele exhibit wavy pattern, and those with two e alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 10000 butterflies were observed. 1849 exhibited the cirlcular wing pattern, 4902 had the wavy pattern wing pattern, and 3249 showed the recessive form of solid color wing pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 1,849 
 10,000 
 ?

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 1849/10000?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Correct 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

8afa_d014

In the meadow population of flowers, there is a display of complete dominance in petal color. Individuals with at least one V allele show the black petal color, while those no V alleles show the white petal color.

A group of 10000 flowers were observed. 8911 exhibited the black petal color, while 1089 showed the recessive form of white petal color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 1,089 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Correct p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

60c3_d014

In the garden population of butterflies, there is a display of incomplete dominance in wing color. Individuals with two F alleles exhibit black, those with one F allele and one f allele exhibit gray, and those with two f alleles exhibit white.

A group of 10000 butterflies were observed. 5,511 had either gray or white wing color, and did NOT have black wing color.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 5,511 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Correct MC

38ea_d014

In the woodland population of deer, there is a display of complete dominance in antler shape. Individuals with at least one P allele show the heavily branched antler shape, while those no P alleles show the straight antler shape.

A group of 325 deer were observed. 208 exhibited the heavily branched antler shape, while 117 showed the recessive form of straight antler shape.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 208 
 325 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Correct 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Incorrect MC

6b64_d014

In the rainforest population of lizards, there is a display of incomplete dominance in scale pattern. Individuals with two S alleles exhibit spotted pattern, those with one S allele and one s allele exhibit striped pattern, and those with two s alleles exhibit solid color.

A group of 10000 lizards were observed. 6,279 had either striped pattern or solid color scale pattern, and did NOT have spotted pattern scale pattern.

Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 
 6,279 
 10,000 
 ?

p — Frequency of the dominant allele Incorrect q — Frequency of the recessive allele Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals Incorrect 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals Incorrect — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals Incorrect p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype Incorrect 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant Correct