7d98_a7ee

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 140

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	105	106
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	35	34

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

H₀: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H_A: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).

Incorrect

H₀: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H_A: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).

Correct

H₀: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H_A: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).

Incorrect MC

8fc7_c299

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 228

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	57	49
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	114	118
White flowers (rr)	1	57	61

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H_A: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

H₀: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H_A: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).

Incorrect

H₀: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H_A: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).

Incorrect MC

7f37_156a

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 116

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	87	86
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	29	30

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

271c_9122

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 304

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	76	68
A–bb	1	76	85
aaB–	1	76	86
aabb	1	76	65

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H_A: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).

Correct

H₀: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H_A: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

H₀: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H_A: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).

Incorrect MC

567f_8527

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 140

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	105	100
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	35	40

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

0724_37e7

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 96

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	72	71
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	24	25

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

de65_8734

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 192

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	108	115
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	36	26
Green Round (yyR–)	3	36	34
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	12	17

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H_A: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

H₀: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H_A: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).

Incorrect MC

87e7_71a4

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 232

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	58	57
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	116	111
White flowers (rr)	1	58	64

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

971c_f994

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 272

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	153	153
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	51	45
Green Round (yyR–)	3	51	50
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	17	24

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

d7d1_408d

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 256

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	144	151
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	48	47
Green Round (yyR–)	3	48	48
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	16	10

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

46a7_88ae

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 256

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	144	158
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	48	41
Green Round (yyR–)	3	48	42
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	16	15

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

c961_f985

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 224

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	56	59
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	112	111
White flowers (rr)	1	56	54

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

35bc_9122

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 192

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	48	42
A–bb	1	48	39
aaB–	1	48	63
aabb	1	48	48

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

9411_156a

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 92

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	69	72
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	23	20

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

dd9f_9122

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 220

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	55	59
A–bb	1	55	61
aaB–	1	55	44
aabb	1	55	56

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

07cb_ec82

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 228

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	57	50
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	114	112
White flowers (rr)	1	57	66

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

9f17_23e1

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 288

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	72	60
A–bb	1	72	89
aaB–	1	72	68
aabb	1	72	71

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

da55_4930

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 288

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	72	63
A–bb	1	72	87
aaB–	1	72	63
aabb	1	72	75

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

5dd7_76ac

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 272

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	153	152
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	51	48
Green Round (yyR–)	3	51	54
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	17	18

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

0077_a29c

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 128

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	96	83
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	32	45

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

9b8b_f994

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 256

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	144	158
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	48	41
Green Round (yyR–)	3	48	48
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	16	9

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

9cee_71a4

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 196

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	49	52
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	98	88
White flowers (rr)	1	49	56

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

8e48_ce7b

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 100

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	75	73
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	25	27

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

499a_8644

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 124

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	31	32
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	62	64
White flowers (rr)	1	31	28

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

af53_5025

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 320

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	180	184
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	60	68
Green Round (yyR–)	3	60	47
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	20	21

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

30c7_23e1

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 224

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	56	59
A–bb	1	56	49
aaB–	1	56	56
aabb	1	56	60

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

ecad_0144

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 304

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	171	164
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	57	57
Green Round (yyR–)	3	57	65
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	19	18

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

1618_5266

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 224

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	126	123
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	42	46
Green Round (yyR–)	3	42	37
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	14	18

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

88de_156a

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 128

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	96	97
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	32	31

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

ea83_2d6d

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 216

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	54	45
A–bb	1	54	54
aaB–	1	54	66
aabb	1	54	51

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

316e_2eb5

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 172

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	43	50
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	86	86
White flowers (rr)	1	43	36

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

c543_ce7b

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 140

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	105	103
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	35	37

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

c308_5799

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 196

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	49	38
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	98	107
White flowers (rr)	1	49	51

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

a769_628b

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 272

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	153	160
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	51	47
Green Round (yyR–)	3	51	49
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	17	16

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

cc10_efac

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 84

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	63	70
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	21	14

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

d11c_bdfe

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 216

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	54	54
A–bb	1	54	54
aaB–	1	54	60
aabb	1	54	48

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

fe9f_156a

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 140

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	105	101
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	35	39

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

1791_8527

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 80

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	60	65
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	20	15

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

42d9_94bd

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 204

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	51	63
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	102	93
White flowers (rr)	1	51	48

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

f337_df5a

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 156

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	39	40
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	78	85
White flowers (rr)	1	39	31

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

5e91_95df

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 272

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	153	158
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	51	47
Green Round (yyR–)	3	51	52
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	17	15

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

a10f_90dc

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 312

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	78	77
A–bb	1	78	63
aaB–	1	78	89
aabb	1	78	83

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

c96a_5f15

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 160

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	90	97
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	30	32
Green Round (yyR–)	3	30	22
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	10	9

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

829d_f985

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 132

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	33	35
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	66	68
White flowers (rr)	1	33	29

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

c029_9eff

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 272

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	153	169
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	51	48
Green Round (yyR–)	3	51	45
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	17	10

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

eb42_5acb

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 160

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	40	40
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	80	83
White flowers (rr)	1	40	37

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

be26_90dc

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 220

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	55	50
A–bb	1	55	63
aaB–	1	55	48
aabb	1	55	59

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

76c6_ce7b

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 112

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	84	77
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	28	35

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

d747_90dc

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 208

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	52	47
A–bb	1	52	52
aaB–	1	52	51
aabb	1	52	58

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

cf4a_5f15

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 288

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	162	166
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	54	53
Green Round (yyR–)	3	54	51
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	18	18

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

46b4_9e24

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 136

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	102	96
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	34	40

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

6ec7_0163

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 296

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	74	66
A–bb	1	74	68
aaB–	1	74	82
aabb	1	74	80

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

7002_9122

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 200

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	50	50
A–bb	1	50	57
aaB–	1	50	47
aabb	1	50	46

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

d00b_eab2

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 224

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	56	66
A–bb	1	56	55
aaB–	1	56	52
aabb	1	56	51

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

0cc0_8527

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 80

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	60	61
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	20	19

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

27b4_6765

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 116

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	87	89
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	29	27

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

8f9d_efbe

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 268

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	67	55
A–bb	1	67	75
aaB–	1	67	80
aabb	1	67	58

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

0084_d5a5

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 120

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	90	89
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	30	31

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

e6eb_6d00

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 240

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	60	58
A–bb	1	60	55
aaB–	1	60	63
aabb	1	60	64

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

3fe7_9970

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 116

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	87	93
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	29	23

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

0776_6765

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 104

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	78	83
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	26	21

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

0e55_db31

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 200

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	50	47
A–bb	1	50	45
aaB–	1	50	53
aabb	1	50	55

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

07db_01fc

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 240

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	60	62
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	120	120
White flowers (rr)	1	60	58

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

0bcf_e0d4

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 176

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	44	42
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	88	89
White flowers (rr)	1	44	45

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

88b4_76ac

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 176

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	99	95
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	33	36
Green Round (yyR–)	3	33	32
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	11	13

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

4db4_df5a

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 236

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	59	57
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	118	123
White flowers (rr)	1	59	56

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

a724_f7e2

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 200

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	50	60
A–bb	1	50	51
aaB–	1	50	49
aabb	1	50	40

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

18db_c299

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 240

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	60	56
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	120	108
White flowers (rr)	1	60	76

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

a549_8605

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 288

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	162	163
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	54	58
Green Round (yyR–)	3	54	52
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	18	15

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

5506_a403

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 160

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	90	82
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	30	32
Green Round (yyR–)	3	30	36
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	10	10

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

28ea_5266

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 320

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	180	170
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	60	79
Green Round (yyR–)	3	60	53
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	20	18

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

4a0f_5f15

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 160

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	90	83
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	30	26
Green Round (yyR–)	3	30	35
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	10	16

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

d6be_9eff

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 160

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	90	93
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	30	31
Green Round (yyR–)	3	30	22
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	10	14

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

b919_eab2

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 212

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	53	49
A–bb	1	53	54
aaB–	1	53	57
aabb	1	53	52

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

77a2_f7d7

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 160

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	40	44
A–bb	1	40	36
aaB–	1	40	42
aabb	1	40	38

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

093e_5acb

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 160

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	40	42
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	80	73
White flowers (rr)	1	40	45

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

0fad_a7ee

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 80

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	60	55
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	20	25

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

eddc_d440

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 272

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	153	147
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	51	58
Green Round (yyR–)	3	51	41
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	17	26

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

16e0_c406

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 264

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	66	57
A–bb	1	66	79
aaB–	1	66	68
aabb	1	66	60

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

51f7_841c

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 216

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	54	55
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	108	89
White flowers (rr)	1	54	72

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

48e0_e794

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 92

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	69	66
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	23	26

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

0405_08ee

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 224

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	126	126
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	42	49
Green Round (yyR–)	3	42	32
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	14	17

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

5b68_156a

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 156

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	117	124
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	39	32

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

316e_f994

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 224

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	126	131
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	42	45
Green Round (yyR–)	3	42	38
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	14	10

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

c07d_5799

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 160

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	40	33
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	80	87
White flowers (rr)	1	40	40

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

ddb7_c406

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 268

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	67	68
A–bb	1	67	60
aaB–	1	67	64
aabb	1	67	76

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

84c3_ce42

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 292

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	73	75
A–bb	1	73	65
aaB–	1	73	85
aabb	1	73	67

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

5acf_b2f1

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 120

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	90	81
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	30	39

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

cff2_76ac

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 224

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	126	132
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	42	29
Green Round (yyR–)	3	42	46
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	14	17

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

3dd2_01fc

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 180

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	45	46
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	90	88
White flowers (rr)	1	45	46

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

4524_ea47

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 112

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	84	80
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	28	32

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

1549_d071

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 240

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	60	55
A–bb	1	60	59
aaB–	1	60	57
aabb	1	60	69

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

cf4d_2eb5

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 128

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	32	31
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	64	57
White flowers (rr)	1	32	40

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

24ff_4930

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 252

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	63	66
A–bb	1	63	66
aaB–	1	63	53
aabb	1	63	67

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

bd22_2d6d

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 224

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	56	55
A–bb	1	56	61
aaB–	1	56	59
aabb	1	56	49

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

208b_5301

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 288

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	162	174
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	54	52
Green Round (yyR–)	3	54	46
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	18	16

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

1b4f_23e1

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 256

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	64	56
A–bb	1	64	75
aaB–	1	64	69
aabb	1	64	56

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

0b1b_a29c

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 84

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	63	59
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	21	25

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

c61a_23e1

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 316

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	79	89
A–bb	1	79	80
aaB–	1	79	77
aabb	1	79	70

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

136c_a7ee

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 108

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	81	80
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	27	28

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

9d06_b42c

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 208

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	52	50
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	104	102
White flowers (rr)	1	52	56

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

a704_83bb

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 256

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	144	152
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	48	41
Green Round (yyR–)	3	48	48
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	16	15

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

3e49_7749

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 208

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	52	51
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	104	100
White flowers (rr)	1	52	57

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

ad33_efac

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 88

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	66	64
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	22	24

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

e2d9_6765

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 112

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	84	83
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	28	29

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

0d4e_c42d

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 136

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	102	110
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	34	26

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

4528_6765

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 124

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	93	89
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	31	35

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

2e9d_83bb

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 160

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	90	84
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	30	33
Green Round (yyR–)	3	30	33
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	10	10

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

01cc_a29c

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 160

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	120	123
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	40	37

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

edcf_e794

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 144

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	108	115
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	36	29

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

c18f_ce42

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 200

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	50	55
A–bb	1	50	46
aaB–	1	50	49
aabb	1	50	50

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

971e_ce7b

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 104

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	78	75
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	26	29

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

e2bb_b2f1

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 160

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	120	114
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	40	46

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

5e9d_8e2f

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 212

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	53	62
A–bb	1	53	54
aaB–	1	53	41
aabb	1	53	55

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

2b18_08ee

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 192

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	108	102
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	36	39
Green Round (yyR–)	3	36	42
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	12	9

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

9496_dc2e

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 80

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	60	62
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	20	18

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

87f1_9e24

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 124

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	93	91
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	31	33

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

2083_0163

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 316

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	79	79
A–bb	1	79	89
aaB–	1	79	74
aabb	1	79	74

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

e66b_df5a

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 212

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	53	48
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	106	107
White flowers (rr)	1	53	57

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

bc8c_ce42

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 304

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	76	71
A–bb	1	76	71
aaB–	1	76	88
aabb	1	76	74

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

bb54_d5a5

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 112

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	84	86
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	28	26

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

8c42_9970

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 92

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	69	68
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	23	24

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

bbeb_06ec

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 284

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	71	69
A–bb	1	71	78
aaB–	1	71	63
aabb	1	71	74

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

6ecb_c42d

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 132

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	99	98
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	33	34

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

7978_eab2

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 272

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	68	68
A–bb	1	68	72
aaB–	1	68	69
aabb	1	68	63

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

ff4b_8116

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 128

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	96	104
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	32	24

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

6faf_5d47

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 260

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	65	75
A–bb	1	65	62
aaB–	1	65	61
aabb	1	65	62

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

57f9_628e

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 132

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	99	107
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	33	25

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

d00a_d555

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 204

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	51	43
A–bb	1	51	46
aaB–	1	51	57
aabb	1	51	58

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

3fe7_9e24

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 116

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	87	93
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	29	23

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

902b_a403

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 192

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	108	114
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	36	31
Green Round (yyR–)	3	36	34
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	12	13

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

b7f3_f7ac

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 180

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	45	49
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	90	73
White flowers (rr)	1	45	58

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

d3e2_db31

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 172

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	43	39
A–bb	1	43	38
aaB–	1	43	47
aabb	1	43	48

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

abcf_5301

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 160

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	90	85
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	30	25
Green Round (yyR–)	3	30	32
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	10	18

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

7d04_ce42

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 180

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	45	47
A–bb	1	45	50
aaB–	1	45	38
aabb	1	45	45

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

f9f9_699e

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 320

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	180	175
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	60	59
Green Round (yyR–)	3	60	69
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	20	17

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

56e2_b42c

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 156

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	39	39
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	78	83
White flowers (rr)	1	39	34

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

05ff_cc0b

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 144

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	108	101
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	36	43

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

60e8_df5a

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 144

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	36	34
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	72	80
White flowers (rr)	1	36	30

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

d010_9122

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 180

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	45	52
A–bb	1	45	36
aaB–	1	45	49
aabb	1	45	43

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

8937_7749

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 124

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	31	37
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	62	63
White flowers (rr)	1	31	24

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

19e4_b9e4

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 216

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	54	52
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	108	105
White flowers (rr)	1	54	59

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

d5c9_23e1

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 208

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	52	47
A–bb	1	52	45
aaB–	1	52	51
aabb	1	52	65

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

765a_5301

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 224

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	126	121
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	42	43
Green Round (yyR–)	3	42	40
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	14	20

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

bdb5_b9e4

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 156

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	39	46
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	78	74
White flowers (rr)	1	39	36

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

fec9_6d00

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 320

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	80	93
A–bb	1	80	62
aaB–	1	80	81
aabb	1	80	84

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

e5e0_cc0b

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 152

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	114	113
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	38	39

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

906b_efac

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 104

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	78	69
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	26	35

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

14ed_06ec

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 256

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	64	56
A–bb	1	64	67
aaB–	1	64	67
aabb	1	64	66

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

1882_71a4

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 208

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	52	50
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	104	107
White flowers (rr)	1	52	51

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

7981_e794

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 124

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	93	97
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	31	27

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

b27a_c1db

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 228

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	57	61
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	114	111
White flowers (rr)	1	57	56

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

c5eb_408d

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 224

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	126	126
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	42	46
Green Round (yyR–)	3	42	45
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	14	7

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

8c49_bafa

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 240

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	135	145
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	45	46
Green Round (yyR–)	3	45	38
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	15	11

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

7214_f7d7

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 320

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	80	96
A–bb	1	80	78
aaB–	1	80	87
aabb	1	80	59

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

91b5_a7ee

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 132

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	99	94
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	33	38

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

4fe1_5acb

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 140

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	35	38
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	70	63
White flowers (rr)	1	35	39

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

aab5_2eb5

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 224

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	56	57
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	112	112
White flowers (rr)	1	56	55

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

40c4_a403

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 320

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	180	188
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	60	53
Green Round (yyR–)	3	60	63
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	20	16

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

626d_8605

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 304

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	171	174
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	57	52
Green Round (yyR–)	3	57	61
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	19	17

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

ff13_d071

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 224

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	56	67
A–bb	1	56	51
aaB–	1	56	58
aabb	1	56	48

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

8e10_e92d

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 240

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	60	55
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	120	108
White flowers (rr)	1	60	77

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

4352_94bd

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 136

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	34	38
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	68	64
White flowers (rr)	1	34	34

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

e910_df5a

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 196

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	49	42
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	98	108
White flowers (rr)	1	49	46

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

0a5e_b42c

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 164

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	41	47
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	82	81
White flowers (rr)	1	41	36

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

f9c7_9122

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 280

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	70	77
A–bb	1	70	57
aaB–	1	70	75
aabb	1	70	71

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

e92e_841c

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 144

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	36	37
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	72	75
White flowers (rr)	1	36	32

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

89e3_88ae

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 304

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	171	183
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	57	53
Green Round (yyR–)	3	57	54
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	19	14

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

5bfd_90dc

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 240

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	60	52
A–bb	1	60	63
aaB–	1	60	66
aabb	1	60	59

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

d785_37e7

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 84

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	63	67
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	21	17

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

91f7_8644

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 204

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	51	43
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	102	108
White flowers (rr)	1	51	53

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

d716_b42c

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 212

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	53	68
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	106	89
White flowers (rr)	1	53	55

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

dfb3_628e

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 120

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	90	90
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	30	30

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

9496_d5a5

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 80

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	60	62
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	20	18

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

9a33_c299

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 212

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	53	47
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	106	107
White flowers (rr)	1	53	58

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

7ddc_1c95

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 144

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	36	31
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	72	78
White flowers (rr)	1	36	35

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

09d0_90dc

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 248

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	62	57
A–bb	1	62	72
aaB–	1	62	58
aabb	1	62	61

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

5542_f985

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 172

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	43	51
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	86	75
White flowers (rr)	1	43	46

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

3e8a_6f85

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 272

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	153	154
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	51	52
Green Round (yyR–)	3	51	53
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	17	13

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

7325_37e7

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 132

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	99	99
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	33	33

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

5254_8116

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 128

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	96	95
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	32	33

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

305d_a85f

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 124

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	31	35
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	62	57
White flowers (rr)	1	31	32

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

6d88_1754

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 212

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	53	46
A–bb	1	53	55
aaB–	1	53	62
aabb	1	53	49

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

a8af_799c

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 288

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	162	166
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	54	45
Green Round (yyR–)	3	54	55
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	18	22

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

af0d_e92d

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 240

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	60	69
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	120	109
White flowers (rr)	1	60	62

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

bfaa_d555

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 180

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	45	46
A–bb	1	45	43
aaB–	1	45	34
aabb	1	45	57

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

2847_88ae

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 208

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	117	125
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	39	32
Green Round (yyR–)	3	39	47
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	13	4

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

d89b_8734

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 240

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	135	125
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	45	45
Green Round (yyR–)	3	45	56
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	15	14

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

c012_efac

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 104

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	78	80
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	26	24

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

2aa3_8644

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 204

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	51	55
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	102	102
White flowers (rr)	1	51	47

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

c677_a403

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 256

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	144	152
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	48	42
Green Round (yyR–)	3	48	42
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	16	20

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

bf3b_37e7

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 96

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	72	67
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	24	29

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

da4e_b2f1

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 156

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	117	114
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	39	42

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

d0d8_ce42

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 260

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	65	80
A–bb	1	65	62
aaB–	1	65	69
aabb	1	65	49

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

0072_8e2f

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 188

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	47	48
A–bb	1	47	54
aaB–	1	47	45
aabb	1	47	41

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

b0e6_c42d

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 108

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	81	81
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	27	27

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

8bd0_83bb

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 192

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	108	107
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	36	33
Green Round (yyR–)	3	36	44
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	12	8

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

73a1_1754

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 244

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	61	65
A–bb	1	61	58
aaB–	1	61	62
aabb	1	61	59

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

4528_32d1

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 124

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	93	89
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	31	35

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect