69c0_f7d7
You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 248
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| A–B– | 1 | 62 | 65 |
| A–bb | 1 | 62 | 59 |
| aaB– | 1 | 62 | 55 |
| aabb | 1 | 62 | 69 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
682a_8116
You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 136
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Dominant phenotype (A–) | 3 | 102 | 98 |
| Recessive phenotype (aa) | 1 | 34 | 38 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
ae13_ec82
In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.
Total offspring scored: 212
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Red flowers (RR) | 1 | 53 | 50 |
| Pink flowers (Rr) | 2 | 106 | 109 |
| White flowers (rr) | 1 | 53 | 53 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
6014_8e2f
You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 176
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| A–B– | 1 | 44 | 42 |
| A–bb | 1 | 44 | 46 |
| aaB– | 1 | 44 | 44 |
| aabb | 1 | 44 | 44 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
065a_c60b
In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.
Total offspring scored: 164
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Red flowers (RR) | 1 | 41 | 41 |
| Pink flowers (Rr) | 2 | 82 | 74 |
| White flowers (rr) | 1 | 41 | 49 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
3693_b2f1
You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 100
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Dominant phenotype (A–) | 3 | 75 | 76 |
| Recessive phenotype (aa) | 1 | 25 | 24 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
9181_8734
You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F2 offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 160
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Yellow Round (Y–R–) | 9 | 90 | 81 |
| Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr) | 3 | 30 | 39 |
| Green Round (yyR–) | 3 | 30 | 33 |
| Green Wrinkled (yyrr) | 1 | 10 | 7 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
2a69_6d00
You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 276
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| A–B– | 1 | 69 | 79 |
| A–bb | 1 | 69 | 62 |
| aaB– | 1 | 69 | 73 |
| aabb | 1 | 69 | 62 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
1206_e92d
In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.
Total offspring scored: 144
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Red flowers (RR) | 1 | 36 | 38 |
| Pink flowers (Rr) | 2 | 72 | 64 |
| White flowers (rr) | 1 | 36 | 42 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
0084_a7ee
You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 120
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Dominant phenotype (A–) | 3 | 90 | 89 |
| Recessive phenotype (aa) | 1 | 30 | 31 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
97e4_4930
You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 264
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| A–B– | 1 | 66 | 69 |
| A–bb | 1 | 66 | 69 |
| aaB– | 1 | 66 | 62 |
| aabb | 1 | 66 | 64 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
1618_c299
In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.
Total offspring scored: 184
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Red flowers (RR) | 1 | 46 | 48 |
| Pink flowers (Rr) | 2 | 92 | 98 |
| White flowers (rr) | 1 | 46 | 38 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
3831_ce7b
You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 160
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Dominant phenotype (A–) | 3 | 120 | 116 |
| Recessive phenotype (aa) | 1 | 40 | 44 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
8e61_5799
In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.
Total offspring scored: 204
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Red flowers (RR) | 1 | 51 | 51 |
| Pink flowers (Rr) | 2 | 102 | 101 |
| White flowers (rr) | 1 | 51 | 52 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
03fd_88ae
You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F2 offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 224
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Yellow Round (Y–R–) | 9 | 126 | 128 |
| Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr) | 3 | 42 | 44 |
| Green Round (yyR–) | 3 | 42 | 40 |
| Green Wrinkled (yyrr) | 1 | 14 | 12 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
f11e_bdfe
You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 280
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| A–B– | 1 | 70 | 70 |
| A–bb | 1 | 70 | 73 |
| aaB– | 1 | 70 | 72 |
| aabb | 1 | 70 | 65 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
2d51_2eb5
In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.
Total offspring scored: 128
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Red flowers (RR) | 1 | 32 | 37 |
| Pink flowers (Rr) | 2 | 64 | 66 |
| White flowers (rr) | 1 | 32 | 25 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
f144_5266
You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F2 offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 224
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Yellow Round (Y–R–) | 9 | 126 | 122 |
| Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr) | 3 | 42 | 42 |
| Green Round (yyR–) | 3 | 42 | 43 |
| Green Wrinkled (yyrr) | 1 | 14 | 17 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
1fa7_48d5
You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 124
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Dominant phenotype (A–) | 3 | 93 | 92 |
| Recessive phenotype (aa) | 1 | 31 | 32 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
fd93_08ee
You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F2 offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 160
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Yellow Round (Y–R–) | 9 | 90 | 97 |
| Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr) | 3 | 30 | 24 |
| Green Round (yyR–) | 3 | 30 | 33 |
| Green Wrinkled (yyrr) | 1 | 10 | 6 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
f84f_e0d4
In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.
Total offspring scored: 192
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Red flowers (RR) | 1 | 48 | 56 |
| Pink flowers (Rr) | 2 | 96 | 92 |
| White flowers (rr) | 1 | 48 | 44 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
03f1_bdfe
You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 304
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| A–B– | 1 | 76 | 74 |
| A–bb | 1 | 76 | 72 |
| aaB– | 1 | 76 | 90 |
| aabb | 1 | 76 | 68 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
8d85_9187
You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 108
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Dominant phenotype (A–) | 3 | 81 | 86 |
| Recessive phenotype (aa) | 1 | 27 | 22 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
ac84_0538
In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.
Total offspring scored: 236
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Red flowers (RR) | 1 | 59 | 72 |
| Pink flowers (Rr) | 2 | 118 | 107 |
| White flowers (rr) | 1 | 59 | 57 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
33c5_efbe
You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 264
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| A–B– | 1 | 66 | 65 |
| A–bb | 1 | 66 | 58 |
| aaB– | 1 | 66 | 80 |
| aabb | 1 | 66 | 61 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
d41d_4930
You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 320
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| A–B– | 1 | 80 | 81 |
| A–bb | 1 | 80 | 69 |
| aaB– | 1 | 80 | 88 |
| aabb | 1 | 80 | 82 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
2427_8605
You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F2 offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 304
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Yellow Round (Y–R–) | 9 | 171 | 168 |
| Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr) | 3 | 57 | 58 |
| Green Round (yyR–) | 3 | 57 | 60 |
| Green Wrinkled (yyrr) | 1 | 19 | 18 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
6eb6_8644
In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.
Total offspring scored: 216
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Red flowers (RR) | 1 | 54 | 52 |
| Pink flowers (Rr) | 2 | 108 | 118 |
| White flowers (rr) | 1 | 54 | 46 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
8892_f985
In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.
Total offspring scored: 144
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Red flowers (RR) | 1 | 36 | 31 |
| Pink flowers (Rr) | 2 | 72 | 69 |
| White flowers (rr) | 1 | 36 | 44 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
6dcf_408d
You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F2 offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 160
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Yellow Round (Y–R–) | 9 | 90 | 90 |
| Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr) | 3 | 30 | 27 |
| Green Round (yyR–) | 3 | 30 | 38 |
| Green Wrinkled (yyrr) | 1 | 10 | 5 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
f1c9_b42c
In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.
Total offspring scored: 120
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Red flowers (RR) | 1 | 30 | 34 |
| Pink flowers (Rr) | 2 | 60 | 55 |
| White flowers (rr) | 1 | 30 | 31 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
a1a1_5025
You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F2 offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 240
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Yellow Round (Y–R–) | 9 | 135 | 143 |
| Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr) | 3 | 45 | 37 |
| Green Round (yyR–) | 3 | 45 | 47 |
| Green Wrinkled (yyrr) | 1 | 15 | 13 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
8fd5_bdfe
You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 176
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| A–B– | 1 | 44 | 57 |
| A–bb | 1 | 44 | 44 |
| aaB– | 1 | 44 | 33 |
| aabb | 1 | 44 | 42 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
d613_b2f1
You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 144
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Dominant phenotype (A–) | 3 | 108 | 117 |
| Recessive phenotype (aa) | 1 | 36 | 27 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
3fe7_48d5
You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 116
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Dominant phenotype (A–) | 3 | 87 | 93 |
| Recessive phenotype (aa) | 1 | 29 | 23 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
0762_bdfe
You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 252
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| A–B– | 1 | 63 | 57 |
| A–bb | 1 | 63 | 72 |
| aaB– | 1 | 63 | 63 |
| aabb | 1 | 63 | 60 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
2622_d555
You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 280
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| A–B– | 1 | 70 | 65 |
| A–bb | 1 | 70 | 71 |
| aaB– | 1 | 70 | 80 |
| aabb | 1 | 70 | 64 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
98d9_d440
You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F2 offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 208
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Yellow Round (Y–R–) | 9 | 117 | 121 |
| Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr) | 3 | 39 | 42 |
| Green Round (yyR–) | 3 | 39 | 35 |
| Green Wrinkled (yyrr) | 1 | 13 | 10 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
9aea_1754
You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 260
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| A–B– | 1 | 65 | 58 |
| A–bb | 1 | 65 | 67 |
| aaB– | 1 | 65 | 81 |
| aabb | 1 | 65 | 54 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
519c_8e2f
You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 300
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| A–B– | 1 | 75 | 67 |
| A–bb | 1 | 75 | 69 |
| aaB– | 1 | 75 | 86 |
| aabb | 1 | 75 | 78 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
f761_e794
You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 128
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Dominant phenotype (A–) | 3 | 96 | 91 |
| Recessive phenotype (aa) | 1 | 32 | 37 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
b6b8_628b
You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F2 offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 160
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Yellow Round (Y–R–) | 9 | 90 | 101 |
| Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr) | 3 | 30 | 29 |
| Green Round (yyR–) | 3 | 30 | 18 |
| Green Wrinkled (yyrr) | 1 | 10 | 12 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
5dc4_4930
You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 272
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| A–B– | 1 | 68 | 67 |
| A–bb | 1 | 68 | 62 |
| aaB– | 1 | 68 | 72 |
| aabb | 1 | 68 | 71 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
740f_628e
You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 84
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Dominant phenotype (A–) | 3 | 63 | 66 |
| Recessive phenotype (aa) | 1 | 21 | 18 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
fd2e_8527
You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 84
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Dominant phenotype (A–) | 3 | 63 | 62 |
| Recessive phenotype (aa) | 1 | 21 | 22 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
b913_ff68
In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.
Total offspring scored: 148
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Red flowers (RR) | 1 | 37 | 31 |
| Pink flowers (Rr) | 2 | 74 | 73 |
| White flowers (rr) | 1 | 37 | 44 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
beba_efac
You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 92
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Dominant phenotype (A–) | 3 | 69 | 77 |
| Recessive phenotype (aa) | 1 | 23 | 15 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
8c48_bafa
You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F2 offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 176
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Yellow Round (Y–R–) | 9 | 99 | 97 |
| Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr) | 3 | 33 | 37 |
| Green Round (yyR–) | 3 | 33 | 27 |
| Green Wrinkled (yyrr) | 1 | 11 | 15 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
80e1_08ee
You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F2 offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 192
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Yellow Round (Y–R–) | 9 | 108 | 102 |
| Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr) | 3 | 36 | 41 |
| Green Round (yyR–) | 3 | 36 | 39 |
| Green Wrinkled (yyrr) | 1 | 12 | 10 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
1770_699e
You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F2 offspring phenotypes.
Total offspring scored: 208
| Observed data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Ratio | Expected | Observed |
| Yellow Round (Y–R–) | 9 | 117 | 109 |
| Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr) | 3 | 39 | 47 |
| Green Round (yyR–) | 3 | 39 | 35 |
| Green Wrinkled (yyrr) | 1 | 13 | 17 |
For a chi-squared (χ2) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA)?
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
HA: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H0: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
HA: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H0: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
HA: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.