## TITLE('Topic of a &YEAR; Nobel Prizes Awarded This Week')
## DESCRIPTION
## Select the statement that is TRUE or FALSE about topic of a &YEAR; Nobel Prizes awarded this week.
## ENDDESCRIPTION
## KEYWORDS('topic of a &YEAR; Nobel Prizes awarded this week','true/false','multiple choice')
## DBsubject('Biotechnology')
## DBchapter('')
## DBsection('')
## Date('2026-05-31')
## Author('Neil R. Voss')
## Institution('Roosevelt University')

DOCUMENT();

loadMacros(
  "PGstandard.pl",
  "PGML.pl",
  "PGchoicemacros.pl",
  "parserRadioButtons.pl",
  "PGcourse.pl",
);

TEXT(beginproblem());
$showPartialCorrectAnswers = 1;

#==========================================================
# AUTO-GENERATED GROUPS FROM YAML
#==========================================================

@true_groups = (
  [
    'discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution',
  ],
  [
    'development of click chemistry in which molecular building blocks snap together quickly and efficiently',
  ],
  [
    'development of bioorthogonal chemistry reactions that take place without disrupting the normal chemistry of the cell',
  ],
  [
    'establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science using entangled photons',
  ],
);
@false_groups = (
  [
    'used a method called X-ray crystallography to solve the structure and function of the ribosome',
  ],
  [
    'discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity when encountering pathogenic microorganisms',
  ],
  [
    'discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity, a memory against pathogenic substances',
  ],
  [
    'discovery of quasicrystals with regular patterns that never repeat themselves that was considered impossible',
  ],
  [
    'discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent stem cells',
  ],
  [
    'discovery and studies of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)',
  ],
  [
    'discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle transport in our cells',
  ],
  [
    'development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems',
  ],
  [
    'discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain',
  ],
  [
    'development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy',
  ],
  [
    'discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria',
  ],
  [
    'discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites',
  ],
  [
    'mechanistic studies of DNA repair and how cells repair damaged DNA and safeguard the genetic information',
  ],
  [
    'discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy',
  ],
  [
    'design and synthesis of molecular machines to be used in the development of new materials, sensors, and energy storage',
  ],
  [
    'discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm',
  ],
  [
    'developing cryo-electron microscopy high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution',
  ],
  [
    'discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation',
  ],
  [
    'development of directed evolution of enzymes used to manufacture everything from biofuels to pharmaceuticals',
  ],
  [
    'development of phage display used to evolve new proteins, peptides, and antibodies',
  ],
  [
    'discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability',
  ],
  [
    'development of lithium-ion batteries that are lightweight, rechargeable, powerful, and store significant amounts of energy',
  ],
  [
    'advanced mathematical methods to study unusual states of matter, such as superconductors, superfluids and thin magnetic films',
  ],
  [
    'discovery of blood-borne Hepatitis C virus, a major global health problem',
  ],
  [
    'development of the method for precise genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 genetic scissors',
  ],
  [
    'development of asymmetric organocatalysis tools that revolutionised pharmaceutical research and made chemistry greener',
  ],
  [
    'discoveries of the molecular basis for sensing heat, cold and mechanical force, which is fundamental for our ability to feel and touch',
  ],
  [
    'physical modelling of Earth climate: quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming',
  ],
  [
    'discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales',
  ],
);

#==========================================================
# GLOBAL SETTINGS
#==========================================================

$topic = 'topic of a &YEAR; Nobel Prizes awarded this week';
my $local_random = PGrandom->new();
$local_random->srand($problemSeed);
my @mode_choices = ("TRUE", "FALSE");
$mode = $mode_choices[$local_random->random(0, $#mode_choices, 1)];
$num_distractors = 4;
# Question text with TRUE override
$question_true = 'BONUS: Which of the following was a topic of the 2022 Nobel Prizes awarded this week?';
# Question text with FALSE override
$question_false = 'BONUS: Which of the following was NOT a topic of the 2022 Nobel Prizes awarded this week??';
#==========================================================
# SELECT GROUP
#==========================================================

my (@selected_group, @opposite_groups);

if ($mode eq "TRUE") {
  $group_index      = $local_random->random(0, scalar(@true_groups)-1, 1);
  @selected_group   = @{ $true_groups[$group_index] };
  @opposite_groups  = @false_groups;
} else {
  $group_index      = $local_random->random(0, scalar(@false_groups)-1, 1);
  @selected_group   = @{ $false_groups[$group_index] };
  @opposite_groups  = @true_groups;
}

#==========================================================
# PICK CORRECT + DISTRACTORS
#==========================================================

my $correct_index = $local_random->random(0, $#selected_group, 1);
$correct = $selected_group[$correct_index];

my @available_group_indices = (0 .. $#opposite_groups);
my @selected_distractor_indices = ();

while (@selected_distractor_indices < $num_distractors && @available_group_indices > 0) {
  my $random_index = $local_random->random(0, scalar(@available_group_indices)-1, 1);
  push @selected_distractor_indices, splice(@available_group_indices, $random_index, 1);
}

@distractors = ();
foreach my $group_idx (@selected_distractor_indices) {
  my @group = @{ $opposite_groups[$group_idx] };
  my $distractor_index = $local_random->random(0, $#group, 1);
  my $distractor = $group[$distractor_index];
  push @distractors, $distractor;
}

@choices = ($correct, @distractors);

#==========================================================
# SHUFFLE CHOICES (SEED-STABLE)
#==========================================================

my @choice_indices = (0 .. $#choices);
my @choice_shuffled = ();
while (@choice_indices) {
  my $pick = $local_random->random(0, $#choice_indices, 1);
  push @choice_shuffled, splice(@choice_indices, $pick, 1);
}
@choices = @choices[@choice_shuffled];

#==========================================================
# RADIO BUTTONS WITH A/B/C/D/E LABELS
#==========================================================

$rb = RadioButtons(
  [@choices],
  $correct,
  labels        => ['A','B','C','D','E'],
  displayLabels => 1,
  randomize     => 0,
  separator     => '<div style="margin-bottom: 0.7em;"></div>',
);

#==========================================================
# PGML
#==========================================================

BEGIN_PGML

[@ $mode eq "TRUE" ? $question_true : $question_false @]*

[_]{$rb}

END_PGML

ENDDOCUMENT();