## DESCRIPTION
## Select the cell disruption method that corresponds to the given description.
## ENDDESCRIPTION
## KEYWORDS('cell disruption techniques','descriptions','which one','multiple choice')
## DBsubject('Laboratory Techniques')
## DBchapter('')
## DBsection('')
## Date('2026-10-15')
## Author('Neil R. Voss')
## Institution('Roosevelt University')
DOCUMENT();
loadMacros(
'PGstandard.pl',
'PGML.pl',
'PGchoicemacros.pl',
'parserRadioButtons.pl',
'PGcourse.pl',
);
TEXT(beginproblem());
$showPartialCorrectAnswers = 0;
#==========================================================
# QUESTION DATA
#==========================================================
# All questions data
@questions_data = (
{
'item_name' => 'Chemical reactions digest the cell wall.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Enzymatic Method',
'Sonication',
'Mechanical Homogenizer',
'French Press',
],
'correct' => 'Enzymatic Method',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Cells are suspended in buffers containing protein catalysts that digest the cell wall.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Enzymatic Method',
'Sonication',
'Freeze-thaw',
'High-throughput Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'Enzymatic Method',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Digestive protein catalysts digest and decompose the microbial cell wall.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Enzymatic Method',
'Sonication',
'French Press',
'High-throughput Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'Enzymatic Method',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Lysozyme is commonly used to digest the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Enzymatic Method',
'Mechanical Homogenizer',
'French Press',
'Microfluidizer',
],
'correct' => 'Enzymatic Method',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Digestion of the cell wall by chemical reactions.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Enzymatic Method',
'Mortar & Pestle',
'Dounce Homogenizer',
'French Press',
],
'correct' => 'Enzymatic Method',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Cells wall digestion by protein catalysts.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Enzymatic Method',
'Freeze-thaw',
'Mortar & Pestle',
'Mechanical Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'Enzymatic Method',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Protein catalysts decompose the microbial cell wall.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Enzymatic Method',
'Sonication',
'Mortar & Pestle',
'High-throughput Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'Enzymatic Method',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Lysozyme digests gram-positive bacterial cell walls.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Enzymatic Method',
'Bead-beating',
'Dounce Homogenizer',
'Mechanical Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'Enzymatic Method',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Tiny glass particles are mixed and stirred to a high level of agitation.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Bead-beating',
'Freeze-thaw',
'French Press',
'Microfluidizer',
],
'correct' => 'Bead-beating',
},
{
'item_name' => 'This technique involves using glass or metal particles to apply gentle abrasion while vortexing them.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Bead-beating',
'Freeze-thaw',
'Mechanical Homogenizer',
'French Press',
],
'correct' => 'Bead-beating',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Small glass particles are placed into a blender and act like bullets smashing the cells.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Bead-beating',
'Sonication',
'Freeze-thaw',
'French Press',
],
'correct' => 'Bead-beating',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Small glass or ceramic particles are used to crack open cells.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Enzymatic Method',
'Bead-beating',
'Sonication',
'Mortar & Pestle',
],
'correct' => 'Bead-beating',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Gentle abrasion is applied to cells through vortexing with glass or metal particles.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Bead-beating',
'Freeze-thaw',
'Mechanical Homogenizer',
'Microfluidizer',
],
'correct' => 'Bead-beating',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Glass or ceramic particles stirred at high speeds crack cells open.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Bead-beating',
'Mortar & Pestle',
'Dounce Homogenizer',
'French Press',
],
'correct' => 'Bead-beating',
},
{
'item_name' => 'This technique applies high-frequency sound waves to shatter cells.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Enzymatic Method',
'Bead-beating',
'Sonication',
'Freeze-thaw',
],
'correct' => 'Sonication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'This technique uses short bursts of ultrasonic waves to disrupt the tissue.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Sonication',
'Mechanical Homogenizer',
'French Press',
'High-throughput Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'Sonication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'High-frequency sound waves cause disruption of cells by shear force and tension.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Sonication',
'Freeze-thaw',
'Dounce Homogenizer',
'Microfluidizer',
],
'correct' => 'Sonication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Ultrasonic sound energy is used to cause air bubbles in a liquid to implode, damaging the cells.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Sonication',
'Dounce Homogenizer',
'Microfluidizer',
'High-throughput Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'Sonication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'High-frequency sound waves produce tiny bubbles that explode, producing a local shockwave.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Sonication',
'Dounce Homogenizer',
'Mechanical Homogenizer',
'French Press',
],
'correct' => 'Sonication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'This technique uses the forces of ultrasonic waves to rupture cells.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Enzymatic Method',
'Sonication',
'French Press',
'Microfluidizer',
],
'correct' => 'Sonication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Ultrasonic waves in short bursts are employed to disintegrate tissue.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Enzymatic Method',
'Sonication',
'Freeze-thaw',
'Mechanical Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'Sonication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Cells are disrupted by the shear force and tension caused by high-frequency sound waves.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Sonication',
'Mortar & Pestle',
'Dounce Homogenizer',
'Microfluidizer',
],
'correct' => 'Sonication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Ultrasonic waves rupture cell walls.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Enzymatic Method',
'Sonication',
'French Press',
'High-throughput Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'Sonication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Shear force from high-frequency waves disrupts cells.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Bead-beating',
'Sonication',
'Freeze-thaw',
'French Press',
],
'correct' => 'Sonication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'This technique uses extremely cold temperatures and grinding to pulverize cells.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Freeze-thaw',
'French Press',
'Microfluidizer',
'High-throughput Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'Freeze-thaw',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Under cold temperatures, the water inside the cells expands into ice, causing the cells to burst open.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Freeze-thaw',
'Mortar & Pestle',
'Mechanical Homogenizer',
'French Press',
],
'correct' => 'Freeze-thaw',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Cell suspensions are subjected to variable temperatures, resulting in rupture of the walls.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Freeze-thaw',
'Dounce Homogenizer',
'Mechanical Homogenizer',
'High-throughput Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'Freeze-thaw',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Cold temperatures form ice crystals, which expand, ultimately causing the cell wall to rupture.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Enzymatic Method',
'Bead-beating',
'Freeze-thaw',
'French Press',
],
'correct' => 'Freeze-thaw',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Cells are pulverized through a combination of extreme cold.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Enzymatic Method',
'Freeze-thaw',
'Microfluidizer',
'High-throughput Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'Freeze-thaw',
},
{
'item_name' => 'The cell walls rupture due to extreme temperature variations.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Bead-beating',
'Freeze-thaw',
'Dounce Homogenizer',
'Microfluidizer',
],
'correct' => 'Freeze-thaw',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Extreme temperature variations cause cell wall rupture.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Freeze-thaw',
'Dounce Homogenizer',
'French Press',
'High-throughput Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'Freeze-thaw',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Ice crystal expansion leads to cell wall disruption.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Bead-beating',
'Freeze-thaw',
'Dounce Homogenizer',
'Microfluidizer',
],
'correct' => 'Freeze-thaw',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Samples are ground by hand to break apart into small pieces.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Enzymatic Method',
'Freeze-thaw',
'Mortar & Pestle',
'Microfluidizer',
],
'correct' => 'Mortar & Pestle',
},
{
'item_name' => 'This is laborious manual work that can take several minutes.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Bead-beating',
'Mortar & Pestle',
'Mechanical Homogenizer',
'French Press',
],
'correct' => 'Mortar & Pestle',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Grinding of the cells by hand to disrupt the cell walls.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Sonication',
'Freeze-thaw',
'Mortar & Pestle',
'Dounce Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'Mortar & Pestle',
},
{
'item_name' => 'The cells are disrupted by hand grinding them.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Sonication',
'Mortar & Pestle',
'Dounce Homogenizer',
'French Press',
],
'correct' => 'Mortar & Pestle',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Manual grinding of cells that can take several minutes."',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Enzymatic Method',
'Sonication',
'Mortar & Pestle',
'Mechanical Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'Mortar & Pestle',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Handheld device that spins in a tube to smash cells.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Mortar & Pestle',
'Dounce Homogenizer',
'French Press',
'High-throughput Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'Dounce Homogenizer',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Handheld cylindrical glass tube and a spinning pestle that has a tight fit within the shaft.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Sonication',
'Mortar & Pestle',
'Dounce Homogenizer',
'Microfluidizer',
],
'correct' => 'Dounce Homogenizer',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Cells are smashed using a spinning handheld device in a tube.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Enzymatic Method',
'Freeze-thaw',
'Dounce Homogenizer',
'Mechanical Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'Dounce Homogenizer',
},
{
'item_name' => 'A spinning handheld device smashes cells in a tube.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Freeze-thaw',
'Dounce Homogenizer',
'French Press',
'High-throughput Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'Dounce Homogenizer',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Drill-like device with spinning rotor blades to shear cells apart.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Bead-beating',
'Freeze-thaw',
'Dounce Homogenizer',
'Mechanical Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'Mechanical Homogenizer',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Consists of a fast-spinning inner rotor with a stationary outer stator to produce shearing forces.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Enzymatic Method',
'Freeze-thaw',
'Mortar & Pestle',
'Mechanical Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'Mechanical Homogenizer',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Motorized device with rotating blades that shear cells apart.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Bead-beating',
'Mechanical Homogenizer',
'French Press',
'Microfluidizer',
],
'correct' => 'Mechanical Homogenizer',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Shearing forces from spinning blades break cells apart.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Enzymatic Method',
'Bead-beating',
'Mechanical Homogenizer',
'French Press',
],
'correct' => 'Mechanical Homogenizer',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Spinning rotor blades shear the cell walls.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Enzymatic Method',
'Sonication',
'Freeze-thaw',
'Mechanical Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'Mechanical Homogenizer',
},
{
'item_name' => 'A hydraulic piston within a cylinder forces cells through a small hole using high pressure.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Sonication',
'Freeze-thaw',
'Dounce Homogenizer',
'French Press',
],
'correct' => 'French Press',
},
{
'item_name' => 'A hydraulic press drives a piston to squeeze the sample through a needle valve.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Bead-beating',
'Sonication',
'Dounce Homogenizer',
'French Press',
],
'correct' => 'French Press',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Cell suspension is forced through a narrow valve using a hydraulic piston.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Sonication',
'French Press',
'Microfluidizer',
'High-throughput Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'French Press',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Cells are pushed through a small hole using high pressure from a hydraulic piston.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Dounce Homogenizer',
'Mechanical Homogenizer',
'French Press',
'High-throughput Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'French Press',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Cells are forced through a tiny hole by a high-pressure hydraulic piston.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Bead-beating',
'Sonication',
'French Press',
'Microfluidizer',
],
'correct' => 'French Press',
},
{
'item_name' => 'High-pressure hydraulic piston forces cells through a small hole.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Bead-beating',
'Dounce Homogenizer',
'French Press',
'Microfluidizer',
],
'correct' => 'French Press',
},
{
'item_name' => 'A high-pressure pump pushes cells through a Z-shaped interaction chamber.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Sonication',
'Freeze-thaw',
'Dounce Homogenizer',
'Microfluidizer',
],
'correct' => 'Microfluidizer',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Uses a pump and a Z-shaped interaction chamber to create high pressures.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Sonication',
'Mortar & Pestle',
'Microfluidizer',
'High-throughput Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'Microfluidizer',
},
{
'item_name' => 'High pressures are generated using a Z-shaped chamber and a pump.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Enzymatic Method',
'Sonication',
'Freeze-thaw',
'Microfluidizer',
],
'correct' => 'Microfluidizer',
},
{
'item_name' => 'A Z-shaped interaction chamber and pump work in tandem to exert high pressures on cells.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Dounce Homogenizer',
'Mechanical Homogenizer',
'Microfluidizer',
'High-throughput Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'Microfluidizer',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Z-shaped chamber and pump create high pressure to disrupt cells.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Bead-beating',
'Dounce Homogenizer',
'French Press',
'Microfluidizer',
],
'correct' => 'Microfluidizer',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Cells are pushed through a Z-shaped chamber using a high-pressure pump.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Bead-beating',
'Mortar & Pestle',
'Mechanical Homogenizer',
'Microfluidizer',
],
'correct' => 'Microfluidizer',
},
{
'item_name' => 'An expensive bead-beating machine can process a large number of samples simultaneously in a short time.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Sonication',
'Freeze-thaw',
'Dounce Homogenizer',
'High-throughput Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'High-throughput Homogenizer',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Numerous samples are processed simultaneously using a bead-beating machine.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Enzymatic Method',
'Mortar & Pestle',
'Microfluidizer',
'High-throughput Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'High-throughput Homogenizer',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Large numbers of samples are disrupted simultaneously using a bead-beating machine.',
'plural_choice' => 'cell disruption techniques',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'Enzymatic Method',
'Sonication',
'Microfluidizer',
'High-throughput Homogenizer',
],
'correct' => 'High-throughput Homogenizer',
},
);
#==========================================================
# SELECT RANDOM QUESTION
#==========================================================
my $local_random = PGrandom->new();
$local_random->srand($problemSeed);
$question_idx = $local_random->random(0, scalar(@questions_data) - 1, 1);
$q = $questions_data[$question_idx];
$item_name = $q->{'item_name'};
$plural_choice = $q->{'plural_choice'};
$singular_item = $q->{'singular_item'};
@choices = @{ $q->{'choices'} };
$correct = $q->{'correct'};
#==========================================================
# SHUFFLE CHOICES (SEED-STABLE)
#==========================================================
my @choice_indices = (0 .. $#choices);
my @choice_shuffled = ();
while (@choice_indices) {
my $pick = $local_random->random(0, $#choice_indices, 1);
push @choice_shuffled, splice(@choice_indices, $pick, 1);
}
@choices = @choices[@choice_shuffled];
#==========================================================
# BUILD RADIO BUTTONS
#==========================================================
$rb = RadioButtons(
[@choices],
$correct,
labels => 'ABC',
displayLabels => 1,
randomize => 0,
separator => '',
);
#==========================================================
# PGML
#==========================================================
BEGIN_PGML
Which one of the following [$plural_choice]* corresponds to the [$singular_item]* [$item_name]*?
[_]{$rb}
END_PGML
BEGIN_PGML_SOLUTION
The correct answer is: [$correct]*
END_PGML_SOLUTION
ENDDOCUMENT();