## DESCRIPTION
## Select the transgene that corresponds to the given description.
## ENDDESCRIPTION
## KEYWORDS('transgenes','descriptions','which one','multiple choice')
## DBsubject('Biotechnology')
## DBchapter('')
## DBsection('')
## Date('2026-05-31')
## Author('Neil R. Voss')
## Institution('Roosevelt University')

DOCUMENT();

loadMacros(
    'PGstandard.pl',
    'PGML.pl',
    'PGchoicemacros.pl',
    'parserRadioButtons.pl',
    'PGcourse.pl',
);

TEXT(beginproblem());
$showPartialCorrectAnswers = 0;

#==========================================================
# QUESTION DATA
#==========================================================

# All questions data
@questions_data = (
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Enhances the plant\'s ability to retain water under drought conditions</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'DREB1A',
      'Cry/Bt',
      'aro A (Glyphosate Resistant)',
      'Therapeutic Proteins',
    ],
    'correct' => 'DREB1A',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Activates stress-responsive genes to help cope with arid environments</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'DREB1A',
      'Mutant ALS (Sulphonylurea Resistant)',
      'QB Protein (Atrazine Resistant)',
      'gut D Gene (Salt Tolerance)',
    ],
    'correct' => 'DREB1A',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Primarily found in plants that are modified to thrive in drought-prone areas</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'DREB1A',
      'Cry/Bt',
      'Mutant ALS (Sulphonylurea Resistant)',
      'Salt Tolerance Gene (from Mangroves)',
    ],
    'correct' => 'DREB1A',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Known for its role in enhancing abiotic stress tolerance, particularly drought</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'DREB1A',
      'Mutant ALS (Sulphonylurea Resistant)',
      'Beta-Carotene Genes (Nutritional Benefits)',
      'Therapeutic Proteins',
    ],
    'correct' => 'DREB1A',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Increases the osmotic potential in plants, allowing them to survive longer without water</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'DREB1A',
      'Cry/Bt',
      'AVP1',
      'Mutant ALS (Sulphonylurea Resistant)',
    ],
    'correct' => 'DREB1A',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Functions by producing a protein toxic to specific insect larvae</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'Cry/Bt',
      'TMV Coat Proteins (Virus Resistant)',
      'Beta-Carotene Genes (Nutritional Benefits)',
      'Salt Tolerance Gene (from Mangroves)',
    ],
    'correct' => 'Cry/Bt',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Commonly utilized in crops like corn and cotton to reduce reliance on chemical pesticides</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'DREB1A',
      'Cry/Bt',
      'QB Protein (Atrazine Resistant)',
      'Salt Tolerance Gene (from Mangroves)',
    ],
    'correct' => 'Cry/Bt',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Is derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'Cry/Bt',
      'aro A (Glyphosate Resistant)',
      'Mutant ALS (Sulphonylurea Resistant)',
      'QB Protein (Atrazine Resistant)',
    ],
    'correct' => 'Cry/Bt',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Binds to receptors in the insect gut, leading to cell lysis and death</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'Cry/Bt',
      'AVP1',
      'Mutant ALS (Sulphonylurea Resistant)',
      'Therapeutic Proteins',
    ],
    'correct' => 'Cry/Bt',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Considered an environmentally friendly method for pest control as it reduces chemical pesticide use</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'DREB1A',
      'Cry/Bt',
      'aro A (Glyphosate Resistant)',
      'TMV Coat Proteins (Virus Resistant)',
    ],
    'correct' => 'Cry/Bt',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Often integrated into plant genomes to produce Cry proteins throughout the plant\'s lifecycle</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'Cry/Bt',
      'TMV Coat Proteins (Virus Resistant)',
      'gut D Gene (Salt Tolerance)',
      'Therapeutic Proteins',
    ],
    'correct' => 'Cry/Bt',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Encodes a proton pump that helps plants tolerate salty environments</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'Cry/Bt',
      'AVP1',
      'aro A (Glyphosate Resistant)',
      'gut D Gene (Salt Tolerance)',
    ],
    'correct' => 'AVP1',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Increases root growth and biomass in transgenic plants</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'Cry/Bt',
      'AVP1',
      'QB Protein (Atrazine Resistant)',
      'Therapeutic Proteins',
    ],
    'correct' => 'AVP1',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Plays a key role in vacuolar proton transport</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'AVP1',
      'Salt Tolerance Gene (from Mangroves)',
      'gut D Gene (Salt Tolerance)',
      'Enhanced Shelf Life Genes',
    ],
    'correct' => 'AVP1',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Often engineered into plants that require high salt tolerance</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'AVP1',
      'QB Protein (Atrazine Resistant)',
      'TMV Coat Proteins (Virus Resistant)',
      'gut D Gene (Salt Tolerance)',
    ],
    'correct' => 'AVP1',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Enhances water-use efficiency by increasing cellular ion retention</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'Cry/Bt',
      'AVP1',
      'Beta-Carotene Genes (Nutritional Benefits)',
      'Salt Tolerance Gene (from Mangroves)',
    ],
    'correct' => 'AVP1',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Associated with improved phosphorus uptake in plants</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'AVP1',
      'QB Protein (Atrazine Resistant)',
      'Salt Tolerance Gene (from Mangroves)',
      'gut D Gene (Salt Tolerance)',
    ],
    'correct' => 'AVP1',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Allows for resistance to glyphosate herbicides</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'Cry/Bt',
      'aro A (Glyphosate Resistant)',
      'TMV Coat Proteins (Virus Resistant)',
      'Beta-Carotene Genes (Nutritional Benefits)',
    ],
    'correct' => 'aro A (Glyphosate Resistant)',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Developed by transferring aro A gene into a glyphosate EPSP synthetase from Salmonella typhimurium and E. coli</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'DREB1A',
      'Cry/Bt',
      'AVP1',
      'aro A (Glyphosate Resistant)',
    ],
    'correct' => 'aro A (Glyphosate Resistant)',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Encodes for a mutant acetolactate synthetase that allows for resistance to Sulphonylurea herbicides</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'Cry/Bt',
      'aro A (Glyphosate Resistant)',
      'Mutant ALS (Sulphonylurea Resistant)',
      'Salt Tolerance Gene (from Mangroves)',
    ],
    'correct' => 'Mutant ALS (Sulphonylurea Resistant)',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Originates from Arabidopsis</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'DREB1A',
      'Mutant ALS (Sulphonylurea Resistant)',
      'Beta-Carotene Genes (Nutritional Benefits)',
      'Salt Tolerance Gene (from Mangroves)',
    ],
    'correct' => 'Mutant ALS (Sulphonylurea Resistant)',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Derived from mutant Amaranthus hybrids</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'DREB1A',
      'AVP1',
      'QB Protein (Atrazine Resistant)',
      'Beta-Carotene Genes (Nutritional Benefits)',
    ],
    'correct' => 'QB Protein (Atrazine Resistant)',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Produces atrazine-resistant transgenic plants</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'Cry/Bt',
      'QB Protein (Atrazine Resistant)',
      'Beta-Carotene Genes (Nutritional Benefits)',
      'Salt Tolerance Gene (from Mangroves)',
    ],
    'correct' => 'QB Protein (Atrazine Resistant)',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Provides resistance against Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'Cry/Bt',
      'Mutant ALS (Sulphonylurea Resistant)',
      'QB Protein (Atrazine Resistant)',
      'TMV Coat Proteins (Virus Resistant)',
    ],
    'correct' => 'TMV Coat Proteins (Virus Resistant)',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Developed by introducing viral coat proteins</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'Cry/Bt',
      'aro A (Glyphosate Resistant)',
      'TMV Coat Proteins (Virus Resistant)',
      'Salt Tolerance Gene (from Mangroves)',
    ],
    'correct' => 'TMV Coat Proteins (Virus Resistant)',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Increases production of beta-carotene as a precursor to vitamin A</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'DREB1A',
      'Mutant ALS (Sulphonylurea Resistant)',
      'TMV Coat Proteins (Virus Resistant)',
      'Beta-Carotene Genes (Nutritional Benefits)',
    ],
    'correct' => 'Beta-Carotene Genes (Nutritional Benefits)',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Derived from daffodils and microorganisms</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'Cry/Bt',
      'Mutant ALS (Sulphonylurea Resistant)',
      'Beta-Carotene Genes (Nutritional Benefits)',
      'Therapeutic Proteins',
    ],
    'correct' => 'Beta-Carotene Genes (Nutritional Benefits)',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Provides salt tolerance</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'Mutant ALS (Sulphonylurea Resistant)',
      'Beta-Carotene Genes (Nutritional Benefits)',
      'Salt Tolerance Gene (from Mangroves)',
      'Enhanced Shelf Life Genes',
    ],
    'correct' => 'Salt Tolerance Gene (from Mangroves)',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Derived from Avicennia marina</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'Cry/Bt',
      'Mutant ALS (Sulphonylurea Resistant)',
      'TMV Coat Proteins (Virus Resistant)',
      'Salt Tolerance Gene (from Mangroves)',
    ],
    'correct' => 'Salt Tolerance Gene (from Mangroves)',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Used to generate salt-tolerant transgenic maize plants</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'DREB1A',
      'Cry/Bt',
      'Salt Tolerance Gene (from Mangroves)',
      'gut D Gene (Salt Tolerance)',
    ],
    'correct' => 'gut D Gene (Salt Tolerance)',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Originates from Escherichia coli</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'Beta-Carotene Genes (Nutritional Benefits)',
      'gut D Gene (Salt Tolerance)',
      'Therapeutic Proteins',
      'Enhanced Shelf Life Genes',
    ],
    'correct' => 'gut D Gene (Salt Tolerance)',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Produces antibodies, proteins, or vaccines for therapeutic use</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'aro A (Glyphosate Resistant)',
      'Beta-Carotene Genes (Nutritional Benefits)',
      'gut D Gene (Salt Tolerance)',
      'Therapeutic Proteins',
    ],
    'correct' => 'Therapeutic Proteins',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Could be useful for various diseases ranging from dental caries to certain cancers</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'DREB1A',
      'aro A (Glyphosate Resistant)',
      'Therapeutic Proteins',
      'Enhanced Shelf Life Genes',
    ],
    'correct' => 'Therapeutic Proteins',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Provides enhanced ability to withstand long-distance transportation</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'aro A (Glyphosate Resistant)',
      'Mutant ALS (Sulphonylurea Resistant)',
      'QB Protein (Atrazine Resistant)',
      'Enhanced Shelf Life Genes',
    ],
    'correct' => 'Enhanced Shelf Life Genes',
  },
  {
    'item_name' => '<strong>Allows for longer shelf life of produce</strong>',
    'plural_choice' => 'transgenes',
    'singular_item' => 'description',
    'choices' => [
      'aro A (Glyphosate Resistant)',
      'Beta-Carotene Genes (Nutritional Benefits)',
      'gut D Gene (Salt Tolerance)',
      'Enhanced Shelf Life Genes',
    ],
    'correct' => 'Enhanced Shelf Life Genes',
  },
);

#==========================================================
# SELECT RANDOM QUESTION
#==========================================================

my $local_random = PGrandom->new();
$local_random->srand($problemSeed);

$question_idx = $local_random->random(0, scalar(@questions_data) - 1, 1);
$q = $questions_data[$question_idx];

$item_name = $q->{'item_name'};
$plural_choice = $q->{'plural_choice'};
$singular_item = $q->{'singular_item'};
@choices = @{ $q->{'choices'} };
$correct = $q->{'correct'};

#==========================================================
# SHUFFLE CHOICES (SEED-STABLE)
#==========================================================

my @choice_indices = (0 .. $#choices);
my @choice_shuffled = ();
while (@choice_indices) {
  my $pick = $local_random->random(0, $#choice_indices, 1);
  push @choice_shuffled, splice(@choice_indices, $pick, 1);
}
@choices = @choices[@choice_shuffled];

#==========================================================
# BUILD RADIO BUTTONS
#==========================================================

$rb = RadioButtons(
  [@choices],
  $correct,
  labels        => 'ABC',
  displayLabels => 1,
  randomize     => 0,
  separator     => '<div style="margin-bottom: 0.7em;"></div>',
);

#==========================================================
# PGML
#==========================================================

BEGIN_PGML

Which one of the following [$plural_choice]* corresponds to the [$singular_item]* [$item_name]*?

[_]{$rb}

END_PGML

BEGIN_PGML_SOLUTION

The correct answer is: [$correct]*

END_PGML_SOLUTION

ENDDOCUMENT();