## DESCRIPTION
## Select the sex determination system that corresponds to the given description.
## ENDDESCRIPTION
## KEYWORDS('sex determination systems','descriptions','which one','multiple choice')
## DBsubject('Genetics')
## DBchapter('')
## DBsection('')
## Date('2026-07-12')
## Author('Neil R. Voss')
## Institution('Roosevelt University')
DOCUMENT();
loadMacros(
'PGstandard.pl',
'PGML.pl',
'PGchoicemacros.pl',
'parserRadioButtons.pl',
'PGcourse.pl',
);
TEXT(beginproblem());
$showPartialCorrectAnswers = 0;
#==========================================================
# QUESTION DATA
#==========================================================
# All questions data
@questions_data = (
{
'item_name' => ' males ♂ are heterogametic and females ♀ are homogametic',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'X-Y system',
},
{
'item_name' => 'females ♀ are homogametic and males ♂ are heterogametic',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'X-Y system',
},
{
'item_name' => 'sex is determined by which chromosome is contained in the male ♂sperm cell',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'X-Y system',
},
{
'item_name' => 'found in most mammals, as well as some insects including Drosophila',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'X-Y system',
},
{
'item_name' => ' males ♂ have two different kinds of sex chromosomes',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'X-Y system',
},
{
'item_name' => 'females ♀ have two of the same kind of sex chromosome',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'X-Y system',
},
{
'item_name' => 'sex of an offspring depends on which of two sex chromosomes are contained with the male ♂sperm',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'X-Y system',
},
{
'item_name' => ' males ♂ are diploid, but only have one sex chromosome',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'X-O system',
},
{
'item_name' => ' males ♂ only have one sex chromosome, while females ♀ have two',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'X-O system',
},
{
'item_name' => 'females ♀ have two homologous sex chromosomes, males ♂ have only one',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'X-O system',
},
{
'item_name' => 'sex is determined on whether or NOT the male ♂sperm contains a sex chromosome',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'X-O system',
},
{
'item_name' => 'found in a number of insects, including the grasshoppers, cockroaches, and crickets',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'X-O system',
},
{
'item_name' => 'sex of the offspring depends on whether or NOT a sex chromosome is present in the male ♂sperm',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'X-O system',
},
{
'item_name' => 'sex of the offspring depends on whether or NOT a sex chromosome is present in the male ♂gamete',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'X-O system',
},
{
'item_name' => ' male ♂sperm normally contain either one sex chromosome or no sex chromosomes at all',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'X-O system',
},
{
'item_name' => 'sex of an offspring depends on if the male ♂sperm contains a sex chromosome or if it is missing',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'X-O system',
},
{
'item_name' => 'females ♀ are heterogametic and males ♂ are homogametic',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'Z-W system',
},
{
'item_name' => ' males ♂ are homogametic and females ♀ are heterogametic',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'Z-W system',
},
{
'item_name' => 'sex of an offspring depends on which sex chromosome is contained with the female ♀egg (ovum)',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'Z-W system',
},
{
'item_name' => 'sex is determined by the type of sex chromosome in the egg (ovum)',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'Z-W system',
},
{
'item_name' => 'found in most birds, many reptiles, and some insects',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'Z-W system',
},
{
'item_name' => 'this system is the reverse of the system found in humans',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'Z-W system',
},
{
'item_name' => 'females ♀ have two different kinds of sex chromosomes',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'Z-W system',
},
{
'item_name' => ' males ♂ have two of the same kind of sex chromosomes',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'Z-W system',
},
{
'item_name' => ' males ♂ have two of the same sex chromosomes',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'Z-W system',
},
{
'item_name' => ' males ♂ develop from unfertilized eggs and thus have no fathers',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'Haplo-Diploid system',
},
{
'item_name' => 'only system where males ♂ have no fathers',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'Haplo-Diploid system',
},
{
'item_name' => ' males ♂ only have one copy of every chromosome',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'Haplo-Diploid system',
},
{
'item_name' => ' males ♂ carry only one copy of each chromosome',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'Haplo-Diploid system',
},
{
'item_name' => 'found in insects, such as ants and bees',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'Haplo-Diploid system',
},
{
'item_name' => 'unfertilized eggs develop into males ♂',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'Haplo-Diploid system',
},
{
'item_name' => 'sex is based on whether or NOT the female ♀egg (ovum) is exposed to sperm',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'Haplo-Diploid system',
},
{
'item_name' => 'there are no sex chromosomes',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'Haplo-Diploid system',
},
{
'item_name' => 'fertilized eggs (with sperm) develop into females ♀, unfertilized eggs develop into males ♂',
'plural_choice' => 'sex determination systems',
'singular_item' => 'description',
'choices' => [
'X-Y system',
'X-O system',
'Z-W system',
'Haplo-Diploid system',
],
'correct' => 'Haplo-Diploid system',
},
);
#==========================================================
# SELECT RANDOM QUESTION
#==========================================================
my $local_random = PGrandom->new();
$local_random->srand($problemSeed);
$question_idx = $local_random->random(0, scalar(@questions_data) - 1, 1);
$q = $questions_data[$question_idx];
$item_name = $q->{'item_name'};
$plural_choice = $q->{'plural_choice'};
$singular_item = $q->{'singular_item'};
@choices = @{ $q->{'choices'} };
$correct = $q->{'correct'};
#==========================================================
# SHUFFLE CHOICES (SEED-STABLE)
#==========================================================
my @choice_indices = (0 .. $#choices);
my @choice_shuffled = ();
while (@choice_indices) {
my $pick = $local_random->random(0, $#choice_indices, 1);
push @choice_shuffled, splice(@choice_indices, $pick, 1);
}
@choices = @choices[@choice_shuffled];
#==========================================================
# BUILD RADIO BUTTONS
#==========================================================
$rb = RadioButtons(
[@choices],
$correct,
labels => 'ABC',
displayLabels => 1,
randomize => 0,
separator => '',
);
#==========================================================
# PGML
#==========================================================
BEGIN_PGML
Which one of the following [$plural_choice]* corresponds to the [$singular_item]* [$item_name]*?
[_]{$rb}
END_PGML
BEGIN_PGML_SOLUTION
The correct answer is: [$correct]*
END_PGML_SOLUTION
ENDDOCUMENT();