4eb7_dc2e

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 80

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	60	59
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	20	21

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

H₀: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H_A: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).

Incorrect

H₀: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H_A: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).

Incorrect

H₀: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H_A: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).

Correct MC

f7eb_a15f

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 212

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	53	49
A–bb	1	53	45
aaB–	1	53	49
aabb	1	53	69

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H_A: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

H₀: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H_A: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).

Correct

H₀: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H_A: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).

Incorrect MC

49bb_8605

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 272

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	153	150
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	51	60
Green Round (yyR–)	3	51	44
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	17	18

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H_A: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 8:2:4:2 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H_A: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).

Incorrect MC

104c_b42c

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 240

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	60	64
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	120	116
White flowers (rr)	1	60	60

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

H₀: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H_A: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).

Correct

H₀: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).
H_A: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:1:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).

Incorrect

H₀: The offspring proportions are not consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (the differences are too large to explain by chance alone).
H_A: The offspring proportions are consistent with the expected 1:2:1 ratio (any differences from the expected ratio are due to chance).

Incorrect MC

43bb_5025

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 176

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	99	104
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	33	35
Green Round (yyR–)	3	33	24
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	11	13

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

44a1_90dc

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 248

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	62	64
A–bb	1	62	65
aaB–	1	62	51
aabb	1	62	68

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

4e9b_a7ee

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 92

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	69	70
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	23	22

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

38df_e0d4

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 188

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	47	44
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	94	91
White flowers (rr)	1	47	53

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

f2d2_8fd4

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 224

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	126	134
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	42	36
Green Round (yyR–)	3	42	42
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	14	12

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

cc6b_efbe

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 180

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	45	46
A–bb	1	45	53
aaB–	1	45	34
aabb	1	45	47

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

d9c8_e794

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 120

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	90	86
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	30	34

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

f683_a403

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 240

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	135	138
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	45	38
Green Round (yyR–)	3	45	45
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	15	19

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

c4c5_06ec

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 224

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	56	61
A–bb	1	56	52
aaB–	1	56	47
aabb	1	56	64

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

fa56_23e1

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 220

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	55	51
A–bb	1	55	53
aaB–	1	55	67
aabb	1	55	49

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

7f6d_f7e2

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 256

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	64	69
A–bb	1	64	69
aaB–	1	64	57
aabb	1	64	61

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

b676_d071

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 256

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	64	64
A–bb	1	64	61
aaB–	1	64	67
aabb	1	64	64

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

376b_94bd

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 140

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	35	41
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	70	63
White flowers (rr)	1	35	36

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

6578_37e7

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 84

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	63	61
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	21	23

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

da15_799c

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 240

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	135	121
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	45	51
Green Round (yyR–)	3	45	58
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	15	10

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

fd7e_f985

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 132

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	33	32
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	66	73
White flowers (rr)	1	33	27

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

bfc4_c299

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 216

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	54	51
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	108	114
White flowers (rr)	1	54	51

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

ca02_b2f1

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 128

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	96	96
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	32	32

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

5470_a7ee

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 152

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	114	121
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	38	31

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

cd7f_efbe

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 268

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	67	69
A–bb	1	67	64
aaB–	1	67	63
aabb	1	67	72

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

2c0f_897e

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 196

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	49	64
A–bb	1	49	40
aaB–	1	49	41
aabb	1	49	51

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

f6c4_5f15

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 304

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	171	193
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	57	53
Green Round (yyR–)	3	57	40
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	19	18

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

bc65_88ae

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 320

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	180	173
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	60	59
Green Round (yyR–)	3	60	63
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	20	25

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

9acf_9970

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 96

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	72	69
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	24	27

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

87ca_23e1

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 288

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	72	71
A–bb	1	72	77
aaB–	1	72	67
aabb	1	72	73

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

083d_8116

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 108

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	81	84
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	27	24

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

ec73_f985

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 220

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	55	59
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	110	104
White flowers (rr)	1	55	57

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

c145_01fc

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 168

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	42	35
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	84	91
White flowers (rr)	1	42	42

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

61d2_1c95

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 136

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	34	42
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	68	66
White flowers (rr)	1	34	28

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

f572_efbe

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 184

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	46	43
A–bb	1	46	52
aaB–	1	46	43
aabb	1	46	46

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

7282_408d

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 240

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	135	140
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	45	47
Green Round (yyR–)	3	45	37
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	15	16

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

261b_c406

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 188

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	47	50
A–bb	1	47	39
aaB–	1	47	43
aabb	1	47	56

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

0b82_d440

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 208

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	117	126
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	39	42
Green Round (yyR–)	3	39	30
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	13	10

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

07b7_628b

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 160

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	90	88
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	30	27
Green Round (yyR–)	3	30	35
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	10	10

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

0ea0_dc2e

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 128

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	96	98
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	32	30

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

b035_e794

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 144

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	108	112
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	36	32

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

760d_1754

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 188

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	47	55
A–bb	1	47	46
aaB–	1	47	41
aabb	1	47	46

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

f883_b2f1

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 116

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	87	90
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	29	26

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

7f7b_a7ee

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 156

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	117	110
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	39	46

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

d5d3_ec82

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 160

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	40	42
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	80	81
White flowers (rr)	1	40	37

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

7ccf_e92d

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 236

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	59	63
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	118	126
White flowers (rr)	1	59	47

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

e0e0_c1db

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 184

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	46	42
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	92	96
White flowers (rr)	1	46	46

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

cba0_a7ee

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 136

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	102	99
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	34	37

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

c479_5266

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 256

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	144	136
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	48	55
Green Round (yyR–)	3	48	48
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	16	17

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

fc1b_6d00

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 316

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	79	86
A–bb	1	79	68
aaB–	1	79	83
aabb	1	79	79

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

5508_156a

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 100

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	75	68
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	25	32

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

07aa_699e

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 256

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	144	142
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	48	44
Green Round (yyR–)	3	48	52
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	16	18

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

cc10_c42d

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 84

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	63	70
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	21	14

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

3f42_d440

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 256

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	144	138
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	48	42
Green Round (yyR–)	3	48	54
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	16	22

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

eaba_a7ee

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 144

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	108	109
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	36	35

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

4cc0_95df

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 288

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	162	163
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	54	53
Green Round (yyR–)	3	54	53
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	18	19

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

67a5_c42d

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 112

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	84	92
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	28	20

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

08e5_76ac

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 288

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	162	159
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	54	56
Green Round (yyR–)	3	54	54
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	18	19

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

6a57_9e24

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 88

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	66	67
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	22	21

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

6860_b2f1

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 104

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	78	79
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	26	25

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

ec29_ce7b

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 88

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	66	68
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	22	20

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

0c75_d555

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 168

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	42	44
A–bb	1	42	43
aaB–	1	42	41
aabb	1	42	40

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

9c16_e0d4

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 204

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	51	62
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	102	89
White flowers (rr)	1	51	53

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

707a_8e2f

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 208

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	52	51
A–bb	1	52	51
aaB–	1	52	58
aabb	1	52	48

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

6142_b42c

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 172

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	43	47
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	86	91
White flowers (rr)	1	43	34

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

5dcb_95df

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 224

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	126	119
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	42	49
Green Round (yyR–)	3	42	43
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	14	13

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

9b76_3ef5

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 148

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	111	112
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	37	36

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

da8e_c60b

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 152

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	38	38
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	76	83
White flowers (rr)	1	38	31

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

eb82_08ee

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 272

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	153	156
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	51	49
Green Round (yyR–)	3	51	50
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	17	17

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

9ec2_c42d

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 140

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	105	112
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	35	28

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

e6ea_8605

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 320

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	180	179
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	60	63
Green Round (yyR–)	3	60	60
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	20	18

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

b317_2eb5

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 184

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	46	47
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	92	90
White flowers (rr)	1	46	47

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

3502_23e1

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 268

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	67	63
A–bb	1	67	68
aaB–	1	67	69
aabb	1	67	68

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

682a_a7ee

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 136

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	102	98
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	34	38

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

580b_71a4

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 160

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	40	36
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	80	83
White flowers (rr)	1	40	41

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

c8e3_156a

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 100

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	75	70
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	25	30

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

857c_9eff

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 192

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	108	99
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	36	42
Green Round (yyR–)	3	36	39
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	12	12

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

25c8_c299

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 240

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	60	66
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	120	114
White flowers (rr)	1	60	60

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

d8cd_c1db

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 188

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	47	42
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	94	99
White flowers (rr)	1	47	47

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

77d8_2d6d

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 160

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	40	45
A–bb	1	40	38
aaB–	1	40	44
aabb	1	40	33

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

4d50_0144

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 160

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	90	94
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	30	35
Green Round (yyR–)	3	30	21
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	10	10

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

7b48_f7e2

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 292

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	73	72
A–bb	1	73	61
aaB–	1	73	78
aabb	1	73	81

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

818a_dc2e

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 124

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	93	87
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	31	37

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

cc73_efbe

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 236

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	59	52
A–bb	1	59	57
aaB–	1	59	61
aabb	1	59	66

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

95f3_a403

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 240

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	135	128
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	45	45
Green Round (yyR–)	3	45	54
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	15	13

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

a7ac_eab2

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 220

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	55	59
A–bb	1	55	62
aaB–	1	55	46
aabb	1	55	53

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

db1c_08ee

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 304

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	171	169
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	57	67
Green Round (yyR–)	3	57	52
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	19	16

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

ee80_c406

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 240

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	60	62
A–bb	1	60	60
aaB–	1	60	58
aabb	1	60	60

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

ae66_01fc

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 216

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	54	65
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	108	100
White flowers (rr)	1	54	51

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

9c2e_5266

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 176

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	99	98
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	33	31
Green Round (yyR–)	3	33	35
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	11	12

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

9667_3ef5

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 148

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	111	104
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	37	44

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

8d73_dc2e

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 132

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	99	105
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	33	27

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

bf6d_c299

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 220

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	55	55
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	110	107
White flowers (rr)	1	55	58

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

0297_eab2

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 320

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	80	103
A–bb	1	80	54
aaB–	1	80	81
aabb	1	80	82

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

7325_e794

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 132

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	99	99
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	33	33

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

d55a_8fd4

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 176

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	99	107
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	33	33
Green Round (yyR–)	3	33	28
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	11	8

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

975e_efbe

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 188

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	47	54
A–bb	1	47	37
aaB–	1	47	50
aabb	1	47	47

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

e3d0_912d

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 320

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	180	174
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	60	66
Green Round (yyR–)	3	60	58
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	20	22

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

6f09_f994

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 256

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	144	141
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	48	40
Green Round (yyR–)	3	48	56
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	16	19

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

25df_a7ee

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 160

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	120	117
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	40	43

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

988c_ec82

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 184

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	46	46
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	92	90
White flowers (rr)	1	46	48

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

38f8_e0d4

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 132

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	33	28
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	66	72
White flowers (rr)	1	33	32

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

7478_8fd4

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 272

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	153	152
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	51	54
Green Round (yyR–)	3	51	52
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	17	14

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

1a2c_8fd4

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 288

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	162	145
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	54	61
Green Round (yyR–)	3	54	55
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	18	27

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

d066_efbe

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 256

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	64	66
A–bb	1	64	61
aaB–	1	64	74
aabb	1	64	55

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

9411_9e24

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 92

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	69	72
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	23	20

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

25df_ea47

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 160

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	120	117
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	40	43

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

ed56_ce7b

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 112

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	84	79
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	28	33

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

e489_c299

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 220

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	55	52
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	110	123
White flowers (rr)	1	55	45

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

d556_628e

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 152

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	114	111
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	38	41

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

a98b_f994

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 208

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	117	114
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	39	41
Green Round (yyR–)	3	39	30
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	13	23

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

c38c_6d00

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 160

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	40	45
A–bb	1	40	36
aaB–	1	40	34
aabb	1	40	45

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

9a1f_6b5f

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 124

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	93	90
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	31	34

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

4fa9_88ae

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 272

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	153	161
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	51	46
Green Round (yyR–)	3	51	49
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	17	16

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

1368_e92d

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 132

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	33	32
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	66	62
White flowers (rr)	1	33	38

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

07f4_8527

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 124

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	93	88
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	31	36

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

919b_7749

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 152

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	38	41
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	76	73
White flowers (rr)	1	38	38

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

ed56_b2f1

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 112

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	84	79
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	28	33

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

6921_8734

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 176

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	99	102
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	33	35
Green Round (yyR–)	3	33	27
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	11	12

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

5070_e794

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 136

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	102	104
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	34	32

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

8a91_a7ee

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 140

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	105	98
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	35	42

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

bc4e_d555

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 188

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	47	42
A–bb	1	47	42
aaB–	1	47	62
aabb	1	47	42

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

6902_90dc

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 208

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	52	54
A–bb	1	52	45
aaB–	1	52	59
aabb	1	52	50

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

25d8_2d6d

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 172

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	43	45
A–bb	1	43	35
aaB–	1	43	53
aabb	1	43	39

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

78cf_8116

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 152

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	114	118
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	38	34

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

86be_5f15

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 192

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	108	112
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	36	33
Green Round (yyR–)	3	36	34
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	12	13

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

dced_5799

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 180

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	45	54
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	90	81
White flowers (rr)	1	45	45

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

a66f_e92d

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 240

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	60	65
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	120	108
White flowers (rr)	1	60	67

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

9daf_8e2f

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 196

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	49	43
A–bb	1	49	50
aaB–	1	49	44
aabb	1	49	59

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

032f_2eb5

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 164

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	41	27
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	82	87
White flowers (rr)	1	41	50

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

19b4_156a

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 156

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	117	125
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	39	31

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

7f42_efbe

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 160

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	40	48
A–bb	1	40	33
aaB–	1	40	37
aabb	1	40	42

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

1b6f_c1db

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 228

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	57	68
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	114	104
White flowers (rr)	1	57	56

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

28b0_6b5f

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 108

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	81	82
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	27	26

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

0d3c_4930

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 300

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	75	71
A–bb	1	75	61
aaB–	1	75	86
aabb	1	75	82

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

8e48_e794

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 100

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	75	73
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	25	27

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

bff2_ce7b

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 84

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	63	63
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	21	21

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

8ed9_f7e2

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 272

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	68	78
A–bb	1	68	59
aaB–	1	68	54
aabb	1	68	81

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

c607_ec82

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 136

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	34	40
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	68	68
White flowers (rr)	1	34	28

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

78f5_a403

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 176

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	99	107
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	33	30
Green Round (yyR–)	3	33	30
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	11	9

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

7f37_628e

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 116

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	87	86
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	29	30

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

31dd_df5a

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 144

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	36	40
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	72	70
White flowers (rr)	1	36	34

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

0084_9187

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 120

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	90	89
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	30	31

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

3d73_94bd

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 232

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	58	51
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	116	115
White flowers (rr)	1	58	66

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

3ed7_88ae

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 224

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	126	132
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	42	36
Green Round (yyR–)	3	42	42
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	14	14

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

df4f_2d6d

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 308

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	77	70
A–bb	1	77	66
aaB–	1	77	81
aabb	1	77	91

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

35b2_6f85

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 176

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	99	100
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	33	27
Green Round (yyR–)	3	33	41
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	11	8

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

7e66_7749

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 192

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	48	47
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	96	86
White flowers (rr)	1	48	59

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

2ba7_5799

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 120

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	30	34
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	60	62
White flowers (rr)	1	30	24

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

16d7_ce42

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 172

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	43	34
A–bb	1	43	54
aaB–	1	43	44
aabb	1	43	40

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

349d_628b

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 256

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	144	127
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	48	45
Green Round (yyR–)	3	48	69
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	16	15

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

c12a_628b

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 256

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	144	145
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	48	43
Green Round (yyR–)	3	48	56
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	16	12

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

1860_06ec

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 168

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	42	39
A–bb	1	42	50
aaB–	1	42	43
aabb	1	42	36

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

598b_897e

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 164

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	41	46
A–bb	1	41	34
aaB–	1	41	35
aabb	1	41	49

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

7d36_bdfe

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 248

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	62	63
A–bb	1	62	58
aaB–	1	62	67
aabb	1	62	60

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

2e1a_ff68

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 132

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	33	36
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	66	69
White flowers (rr)	1	33	27

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

6d72_0163

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 256

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	64	61
A–bb	1	64	77
aaB–	1	64	65
aabb	1	64	53

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

4dc9_eab2

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 256

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	64	66
A–bb	1	64	67
aaB–	1	64	69
aabb	1	64	54

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

5631_c406

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 164

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	41	53
A–bb	1	41	32
aaB–	1	41	48
aabb	1	41	31

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

2369_eab2

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 312

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	78	73
A–bb	1	78	80
aaB–	1	78	82
aabb	1	78	77

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

acc2_ea47

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 104

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	78	77
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	26	27

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

6d39_d555

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 232

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	58	62
A–bb	1	58	48
aaB–	1	58	62
aabb	1	58	60

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

580b_841c

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 160

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	40	36
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	80	83
White flowers (rr)	1	40	41

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

48e0_32d1

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 92

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	69	66
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	23	26

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

6c63_c299

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 188

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	47	46
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	94	101
White flowers (rr)	1	47	41

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

97b1_2d6d

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 172

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	43	37
A–bb	1	43	45
aaB–	1	43	53
aabb	1	43	37

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

e186_1c95

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 204

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	51	57
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	102	96
White flowers (rr)	1	51	51

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

49c7_a29c

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 84

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	63	58
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	21	26

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

9cfe_c299

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 160

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	40	41
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	80	76
White flowers (rr)	1	40	43

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

323f_156a

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 132

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	99	95
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	33	37

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

b5ed_5acb

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 156

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	39	38
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	78	74
White flowers (rr)	1	39	44

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

48d1_f985

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 172

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	43	41
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	86	77
White flowers (rr)	1	43	54

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

fcf9_f7ac

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 120

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	30	25
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	60	60
White flowers (rr)	1	30	35

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

b54f_bafa

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 256

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	144	142
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	48	51
Green Round (yyR–)	3	48	45
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	16	18

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

db72_8644

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 128

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	32	34
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	64	57
White flowers (rr)	1	32	37

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

d3d5_9eff

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 272

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	153	153
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	51	47
Green Round (yyR–)	3	51	54
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	17	18

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

5329_08ee

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 224

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	126	117
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	42	44
Green Round (yyR–)	3	42	45
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	14	18

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

eebe_628b

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 320

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	180	167
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	60	67
Green Round (yyR–)	3	60	63
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	20	23

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

b93c_90dc

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 316

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	79	67
A–bb	1	79	89
aaB–	1	79	71
aabb	1	79	89

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

93ef_841c

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 208

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	52	54
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	104	94
White flowers (rr)	1	52	60

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

edfb_9eff

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 224

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	126	131
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	42	36
Green Round (yyR–)	3	42	37
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	14	20

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

e3b6_5301

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 160

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	90	89
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	30	36
Green Round (yyR–)	3	30	27
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	10	8

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

7ff6_e794

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 112

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	84	88
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	28	24

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

0988_01fc

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 172

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	43	37
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	86	96
White flowers (rr)	1	43	39

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

8f4e_897e

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 308

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	77	63
A–bb	1	77	76
aaB–	1	77	95
aabb	1	77	74

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

0355_df5a

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 124

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	31	26
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	62	58
White flowers (rr)	1	31	40

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

955c_6d00

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 248

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	62	67
A–bb	1	62	67
aaB–	1	62	62
aabb	1	62	52

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

b816_897e

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 244

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	61	63
A–bb	1	61	58
aaB–	1	61	63
aabb	1	61	60

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

1b0a_912d

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 256

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	144	154
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	48	48
Green Round (yyR–)	3	48	40
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	16	14

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

4262_e0d4

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 212

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	53	63
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	106	107
White flowers (rr)	1	53	42

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect MC

475a_90dc

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 212

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	53	57
A–bb	1	53	49
aaB–	1	53	53
aabb	1	53	53

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

a866_9e24

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 144

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	108	108
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	36	36

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

d87d_6f85

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 176

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	99	105
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	33	34
Green Round (yyR–)	3	33	28
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	11	9

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

0aea_90dc

You perform a dihybrid testcross (AaBb × aabb) and count the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 284

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
A–B–	1	71	79
A–bb	1	71	71
aaB–	1	71	67
aabb	1	71	67

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct MC

5a23_a85f

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 148

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	37	32
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	74	81
White flowers (rr)	1	37	35

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

c4e8_c299

In a plant species with incomplete dominance, you cross two pink individuals (Rr × Rr) and score flower color.

Total offspring scored: 164

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Red flowers (RR)	1	41	40
Pink flowers (Rr)	2	82	81
White flowers (rr)	1	41	43

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

8c1a_08ee

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 304

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	171	182
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	57	50
Green Round (yyR–)	3	57	55
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	19	17

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

6adc_0144

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 288

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	162	179
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	54	49
Green Round (yyR–)	3	54	44
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	18	16

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect MC

b134_8734

You perform a standard dihybrid cross and count the F₂ offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 320

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Yellow Round (Y–R–)	9	180	175
Yellow Wrinkled (Y–rr)	3	60	47
Green Round (yyR–)	3	60	80
Green Wrinkled (yyrr)	1	20	18

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Correct

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Incorrect MC

6a57_9187

You cross two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa) and score the offspring phenotypes.

Total offspring scored: 88

Observed data
Category	Ratio	Expected	Observed
Dominant phenotype (A–)	3	66	67
Recessive phenotype (aa)	1	22	21

For a chi-squared (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, which option correctly states the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H_A)?

Incorrect

H₀: The observed counts are exactly in a 3:1 ratio.
H_A: The observed counts are not exactly in a 3:1 ratio.

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect