## TITLE('Intron Removal Mechanisms')
## DESCRIPTION
## Select the statement that is TRUE or FALSE about intron removal mechanisms.
## ENDDESCRIPTION
## KEYWORDS('intron removal mechanisms','true/false','multiple choice')
## DBsubject('Molecular Biology')
## DBchapter('')
## DBsection('')
## Date('2026-07-12')
## Author('Neil R. Voss')
## Institution('Roosevelt University')
DOCUMENT();
loadMacros(
"PGstandard.pl",
"PGML.pl",
"PGchoicemacros.pl",
"parserRadioButtons.pl",
"PGcourse.pl",
);
TEXT(beginproblem());
$showPartialCorrectAnswers = 1;
#==========================================================
# AUTO-GENERATED GROUPS FROM YAML
#==========================================================
@true_groups = (
[
'the group Ⅰ intron uses an exogenous guanine nucleoside for catalytic activity',
],
[
'the group Ⅱ intron uses an internal adenine nucleotide for catalytic activity',
],
[
'the group Ⅰ intron does NOT require ATP energy input',
'the group Ⅱ intron does NOT require ATP energy input',
'both the group Ⅰ intron and the group Ⅱ intron do NOT require ATP energy input',
],
[
'after splicing, the group Ⅰ intron forms a linear structure with a guanine on the 5′ end',
],
[
'after splicing, the group Ⅱ intron forms a lariat structure with an adenine on the 5′ end',
],
[
'spliceosomal introns and self-splicing group Ⅱ introns share a common mechanism',
'self-splicing group Ⅱ introns and spliceosomal introns share a common mechanism',
],
[
'group Ⅰ introns are always self-splicing',
],
[
'both group Ⅰ introns and group Ⅱ introns use a phosphoester transfer mechanism',
],
);
@false_groups = (
[
'the group Ⅰ intron uses an internal adenine nucleotide for catalytic activity',
'the group Ⅰ intron uses an internal guanine nucleotide for catalytic activity',
'the group Ⅰ intron uses an exogenous adenine nucleoside for catalytic activity',
],
[
'the group Ⅱ intron uses an internal guanine nucleotide for catalytic activity',
'the group Ⅱ intron uses an exogenous guanine nucleoside for catalytic activity',
'the group Ⅱ intron uses an exogenous adenine nucleoside for catalytic activity',
],
[
'the group Ⅰ intron requires ATP hydrolysis, while the group Ⅱ intron does not.',
'the group Ⅱ intron requires ATP hydrolysis, while the group Ⅰ intron does not.',
'the group Ⅰ intron requires GTP hydrolysis, while the group Ⅱ intron does not.',
'the group Ⅱ intron requires GTP hydrolysis, while the group Ⅰ intron does not.',
'both the group Ⅰ intron and the group Ⅱ intron require ATP hydrolysis',
'both the group Ⅰ intron and the group Ⅱ intron require GTP hydrolysis',
],
[
'after splicing, the group Ⅰ intron forms a lariat structure with an adenine on the 5′ end',
'after splicing, the group Ⅰ intron forms a lariat structure with a guanine on the 5′ end',
'after splicing, the group Ⅰ intron forms a linear structure with an adenine on the 5′ end',
],
[
'after splicing, the group Ⅱ intron forms a linear structure with an adenine on the 5′ end',
'after splicing, the group Ⅱ intron forms a linear structure with a guanine on the 5′ end',
'after splicing, the group Ⅱ intron forms a lariat structure with a guanine on the 5′ end',
],
[
'spliceosomal introns and self-splicing group Ⅰ introns share a common mechanism',
'self-splicing group Ⅰ introns and spliceosomal introns share a common mechanism',
],
[
'group Ⅰ introns are never self-splicing',
'group Ⅱ introns are always self-splicing',
'group Ⅱ introns are never self-splicing',
],
[
'group Ⅰ introns use a phosphoester transfer mechanism, while group Ⅱ introns do not',
'group Ⅱ introns use a phosphoester transfer mechanism, while group Ⅰ introns do not',
],
);
#==========================================================
# GLOBAL SETTINGS
#==========================================================
$topic = 'intron removal mechanisms';
my $local_random = PGrandom->new();
$local_random->srand($problemSeed);
my @mode_choices = ("TRUE", "FALSE");
$mode = $mode_choices[$local_random->random(0, $#mode_choices, 1)];
$num_distractors = 4;
#==========================================================
# SELECT GROUP
#==========================================================
my (@selected_group, @opposite_groups);
if ($mode eq "TRUE") {
$group_index = $local_random->random(0, scalar(@true_groups)-1, 1);
@selected_group = @{ $true_groups[$group_index] };
@opposite_groups = @false_groups;
} else {
$group_index = $local_random->random(0, scalar(@false_groups)-1, 1);
@selected_group = @{ $false_groups[$group_index] };
@opposite_groups = @true_groups;
}
#==========================================================
# PICK CORRECT + DISTRACTORS
#==========================================================
my $correct_index = $local_random->random(0, $#selected_group, 1);
$correct = $selected_group[$correct_index];
my @available_group_indices = (0 .. $#opposite_groups);
my @selected_distractor_indices = ();
while (@selected_distractor_indices < $num_distractors && @available_group_indices > 0) {
my $random_index = $local_random->random(0, scalar(@available_group_indices)-1, 1);
push @selected_distractor_indices, splice(@available_group_indices, $random_index, 1);
}
@distractors = ();
foreach my $group_idx (@selected_distractor_indices) {
my @group = @{ $opposite_groups[$group_idx] };
my $distractor_index = $local_random->random(0, $#group, 1);
my $distractor = $group[$distractor_index];
push @distractors, $distractor;
}
@choices = ($correct, @distractors);
#==========================================================
# SHUFFLE CHOICES (SEED-STABLE)
#==========================================================
my @choice_indices = (0 .. $#choices);
my @choice_shuffled = ();
while (@choice_indices) {
my $pick = $local_random->random(0, $#choice_indices, 1);
push @choice_shuffled, splice(@choice_indices, $pick, 1);
}
@choices = @choices[@choice_shuffled];
#==========================================================
# RADIO BUTTONS WITH A/B/C/D/E LABELS
#==========================================================
$rb = RadioButtons(
[@choices],
$correct,
labels => ['A','B','C','D','E'],
displayLabels => 1,
randomize => 0,
separator => '',
);
#==========================================================
# PGML
#==========================================================
BEGIN_PGML
[@ $mode eq "TRUE" ? "Which one of the following statements is TRUE about $topic?" : "Which one of the following statements is FALSE about $topic?" @]*
[_]{$rb}
END_PGML
ENDDOCUMENT();