## DESCRIPTION
## Select the stage in the central dogma of biology that corresponds to the given related terminology.
## ENDDESCRIPTION
## KEYWORDS('stages in the central dogma of biology','related terms','which one','multiple choice')
## DBsubject('Molecular Biology')
## DBchapter('')
## DBsection('')
## Date('2026-07-12')
## Author('Neil R. Voss')
## Institution('Roosevelt University')
DOCUMENT();
loadMacros(
'PGstandard.pl',
'PGML.pl',
'PGchoicemacros.pl',
'parserRadioButtons.pl',
'PGcourse.pl',
);
TEXT(beginproblem());
$showPartialCorrectAnswers = 0;
#==========================================================
# QUESTION DATA
#==========================================================
# All questions data
@questions_data = (
{
'item_name' => 'DNA polymerase',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'DNA replication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'DNA pol III',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'DNA replication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'DNA pol I',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'DNA replication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Okazaki fragments',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'DNA replication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'leading strand',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'DNA replication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'lagging strand',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'DNA replication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'origin',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'DNA replication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'origin of replication',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'DNA replication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'helicase',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'DNA replication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'RNA primase',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'DNA replication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'DNA sliding clamp',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'DNA replication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'DNA ligase',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'DNA replication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'single-stranded binding proteins',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'DNA replication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'topoisomerase',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'DNA replication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'replication fork',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'DNA replication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'telomere shortening',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'DNA replication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'semi-conservative model',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'DNA replication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'bubble',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'DNA replication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'replication bubble',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'DNA replication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'daughter DNA strand',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'DNA replication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'deoxytriphosphate nucleotides, such as dATP',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'DNA replication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'DNA proof-reading',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'DNA replication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'primer removal',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'DNA replication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Meselson-Stahl experiment',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'DNA replication',
},
{
'item_name' => 'RNA polymerase',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'RNA transcription',
},
{
'item_name' => 'RNA polymerase II',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'RNA transcription',
},
{
'item_name' => '-35 and -10 promotor regions',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'RNA transcription',
},
{
'item_name' => 'TATA box',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'RNA transcription',
},
{
'item_name' => '-35 promotor region',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'RNA transcription',
},
{
'item_name' => '-75 and -25 promotor regions',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'RNA transcription',
},
{
'item_name' => 'RNA is synthesized',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'RNA transcription',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Pribnow box',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'RNA transcription',
},
{
'item_name' => 'non-template or coding strand',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'RNA transcription',
},
{
'item_name' => 'enhancer sequences',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'RNA transcription',
},
{
'item_name' => 'activator proteins',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'RNA transcription',
},
{
'item_name' => 'template strand',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'RNA transcription',
},
{
'item_name' => 'terminator',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'RNA transcription',
},
{
'item_name' => 'terminator sequence',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'RNA transcription',
},
{
'item_name' => 'transcription factors',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'RNA transcription',
},
{
'item_name' => 'creation of pre-mRNA transcript',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'RNA transcription',
},
{
'item_name' => 'proximal promotor elements',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'RNA transcription',
},
{
'item_name' => 'distal promotor elements',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'RNA transcription',
},
{
'item_name' => '5′-cap',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'mRNA processing',
},
{
'item_name' => 'intron removal',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'mRNA processing',
},
{
'item_name' => 'poly-A tail',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'mRNA processing',
},
{
'item_name' => 'poly-adenylation tail',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'mRNA processing',
},
{
'item_name' => 'poly-A polymerase',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'mRNA processing',
},
{
'item_name' => 'alternative splicing',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'mRNA processing',
},
{
'item_name' => 'spliceosome',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'mRNA processing',
},
{
'item_name' => 'removes introns and joins exons',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'mRNA processing',
},
{
'item_name' => 'RNA splicing',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'mRNA processing',
},
{
'item_name' => 'GT-AG introns',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'mRNA processing',
},
{
'item_name' => 'group I self-splicing introns',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'mRNA processing',
},
{
'item_name' => 'conversion of pre-mRNA transcript into mature mRNA',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'mRNA processing',
},
{
'item_name' => 'exons are spliced together',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'mRNA processing',
},
{
'item_name' => 'introns are cut out',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'mRNA processing',
},
{
'item_name' => 'introns are removed',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'mRNA processing',
},
{
'item_name' => 'capping enzyme',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'mRNA processing',
},
{
'item_name' => 'creation of mature mRNA',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'mRNA processing',
},
{
'item_name' => 'anti-codon recognition for amino acid attachment',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'tRNA charging',
},
{
'item_name' => 'synthetase enzymes',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'tRNA charging',
},
{
'item_name' => 'attachment of amino acid to tRNA',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'tRNA charging',
},
{
'item_name' => 'attachment of amino acid to CCA tail',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'tRNA charging',
},
{
'item_name' => 'tRNA binds to the synthetase',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'tRNA charging',
},
{
'item_name' => 'correct match between a tRNA and an amino acid',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'tRNA charging',
},
{
'item_name' => 'creates aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'tRNA charging',
},
{
'item_name' => 'tRNA editing site',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'tRNA charging',
},
{
'item_name' => 'start codon',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'AUG start codon',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'codons, triplets of bases',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'proteins are synthesized',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'stop codon',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'UAA, UAG, UGA stop codons',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'reading frame',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'mRNA codon recognition by tRNA',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'mRNA codon recognition',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'Shine-Delgarno sequence',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'codon/anti-codon binding',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'ribosome',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'polysomes',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'peptide bond formation',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'large ribosomal subunit',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'small ribosomal subunit',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'mRNA attaches to ribosomes',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'peptidyl transferase',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'initiation factors',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'elongation factors',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'release factors',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'A-site',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'aminoacyl-tRNA binds to A-site',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'translocation',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'tRNA translocation',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'translocation of peptidyl-tRNA',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'P-site',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
{
'item_name' => 'E-site',
'plural_choice' => 'stages in the central dogma of biology',
'singular_item' => 'related terminology',
'choices' => [
'DNA replication',
'RNA transcription',
'mRNA processing',
'tRNA charging',
'Protein translation',
],
'correct' => 'Protein translation',
},
);
#==========================================================
# SELECT RANDOM QUESTION
#==========================================================
my $local_random = PGrandom->new();
$local_random->srand($problemSeed);
$question_idx = $local_random->random(0, scalar(@questions_data) - 1, 1);
$q = $questions_data[$question_idx];
$item_name = $q->{'item_name'};
$plural_choice = $q->{'plural_choice'};
$singular_item = $q->{'singular_item'};
@choices = @{ $q->{'choices'} };
$correct = $q->{'correct'};
#==========================================================
# SHUFFLE CHOICES (SEED-STABLE)
#==========================================================
my @choice_indices = (0 .. $#choices);
my @choice_shuffled = ();
while (@choice_indices) {
my $pick = $local_random->random(0, $#choice_indices, 1);
push @choice_shuffled, splice(@choice_indices, $pick, 1);
}
@choices = @choices[@choice_shuffled];
#==========================================================
# BUILD RADIO BUTTONS
#==========================================================
$rb = RadioButtons(
[@choices],
$correct,
labels => 'ABC',
displayLabels => 1,
randomize => 0,
separator => '',
);
#==========================================================
# PGML
#==========================================================
BEGIN_PGML
Which one of the following [$plural_choice]* corresponds to the [$singular_item]* [$item_name]*?
[_]{$rb}
END_PGML
BEGIN_PGML_SOLUTION
The correct answer is: [$correct]*
END_PGML_SOLUTION
ENDDOCUMENT();