MC	<p>ce30_3d9a</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Olfactory sensory neurons typically express one olfactory receptor gene.	Incorrect	In olfaction, an odorant can activate a G protein that stimulates adenylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	Odor identity is encoded by patterns of activity across many receptor types.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase makes <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> from ATP and starts signaling.	Correct	In olfaction, <strong>cAMP</strong> can act as a second messenger that gates ion channels.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_6e25</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sour taste is linked to high acidity and elevated <strong>H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup></strong> in foods.	Correct	Salty taste depends on <strong>GPCR</strong> activation of adenylyl cyclase and <strong>cAMP</strong>.	Incorrect	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong>cAMP</strong> is converted into <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Incorrect	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_0cc0</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Each odorant activates only one receptor, so smell has a one odor to one receptor code.	Correct	Many odorant receptors are <strong>GPCR</strong>s expressed in olfactory sensory neurons.	Incorrect	Salty taste commonly involves ion movement through channels rather than <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling.	Incorrect	A signaling cascade can amplify a small input into a larger cellular response.	Incorrect	Sweet taste is often detected by <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors on taste cells.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_4220</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Many odorants activate multiple receptors, producing a combinatorial code.	Correct	In olfactory neurons, <strong>cAMP</strong> closes CNG channels to trigger depolarization.	Incorrect	Each olfactory sensory neuron expresses many different olfactory receptor genes.	Incorrect	In mammals, olfactory receptors are ligand gated ion channels that open directly when an odorant binds.	Incorrect	Sweet tastants are detected mainly by direct passage of glucose through a membrane channel.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_5a4d</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Taste receptor cells do<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>communicate with neurons and act only as passive sensors.	Incorrect	Each odorant activates only one receptor, so smell has a one odor to one receptor code.	Incorrect	A signaling cascade can amplify a small input into a larger cellular response.	Correct	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Incorrect	Salty taste depends on <strong>GPCR</strong> activation of adenylyl cyclase and <strong>cAMP</strong>.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_fd11</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Salty taste is often detected by direct ion flow across the membrane.	Incorrect	Bitter taste commonly uses <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors and downstream signaling.	Incorrect	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Correct	In sour sensing cells, protons (H+) can directly change ion channel activity.	Incorrect	Olfactory receptors are commonly seven-transmembrane <strong>GPCR</strong> proteins.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_f6be</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Salty taste is often detected by direct ion flow across the membrane.	Correct	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Incorrect	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Incorrect	Odor identity is determined only by odorant concentration,<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>by receptor patterns.	Incorrect	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_b438</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Taste receptor cells do<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>communicate with neurons and act only as passive sensors.	Incorrect	Salty taste depends on <strong>GPCR</strong> activation of adenylyl cyclase and <strong>cAMP</strong>.	Incorrect	<strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> can open cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) ion channels in olfactory neurons.	Correct	Odor identity is determined only by odorant concentration,<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>by receptor patterns.	Incorrect	Sweet taste is detected by a voltage gated sodium channel on taste cells.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_3dfb</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	A single olfactory sensory neuron usually expresses one receptor type.	Correct	Olfactory transduction primarily depends on <strong>cGMP</strong> made by guanylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase makes <strong>cAMP</strong> from ATP and starts signaling.	Incorrect	Taste receptor cells do<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>communicate with neurons and act only as passive sensors.	Incorrect	Most odorants are detected by receptor tyrosine kinases in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_297e</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Incorrect	In olfaction, odorant binding decreases <strong>cAMP</strong> by directly inhibiting adenylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	Sour tastants are associated with low pH and increased proton concentration.	Correct	Sweet taste is detected by a voltage gated sodium channel on taste cells.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_f059</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Incorrect	Odor identity is determined only by odorant concentration,<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>by receptor patterns.	Incorrect	Sour tastants are associated with low pH and increased proton concentration.	Correct	Each olfactory sensory neuron expresses many different olfactory receptor genes.	Incorrect	In olfactory neurons, <strong>cAMP</strong> closes CNG channels to trigger depolarization.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_1384</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Taste receptor cells do<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>communicate with neurons and act only as passive sensors.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron usually expresses one receptor type.	Correct	Bitter taste occurs only when taste cells take up large amounts of <strong>Ca<sup>2+</sup></strong> from food.	Incorrect	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong>cAMP</strong> is converted into <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_5741</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sour taste is linked to high acidity and elevated <strong>H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup></strong> in foods.	Incorrect	Olfactory receptors are commonly seven-transmembrane <strong>GPCR</strong> proteins.	Incorrect	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Correct	In olfaction, an odorant can activate a G protein that stimulates adenylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	Many bitter compounds are detected through <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling in taste receptor cells.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_c442</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sweet taste is detected by a voltage gated sodium channel on taste cells.	Incorrect	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Incorrect	Odor identity is encoded by patterns of activity across many receptor types.	Correct	Taste receptor cells do<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>communicate with neurons and act only as passive sensors.	Incorrect	Each olfactory sensory neuron expresses many different olfactory receptor genes.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_fed5</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Each odorant activates only one receptor, so smell has a one odor to one receptor code.	Incorrect	Sour taste is caused by <strong>Na<sup>+</sup></strong> entering taste cells through ENaC channels.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase can terminate cyclic nucleotide signals by breaking down <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> or <strong><strong>cGMP</strong></strong>.	Correct	Bitter tastants are detected by the same receptor used for salty taste.	Incorrect	In olfaction, odorant binding decreases <strong>cAMP</strong> by directly inhibiting adenylyl cyclase.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_2bfc</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Many odorant receptors are <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong>s expressed in olfactory sensory neurons.	Correct	In olfactory neurons, <strong>cAMP</strong> closes CNG channels to trigger depolarization.	Incorrect	In olfaction, odorant binding decreases <strong>cAMP</strong> by directly inhibiting adenylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	Taste receptor cells do<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>communicate with neurons and act only as passive sensors.	Incorrect	Signal amplification means each signaling step reduces the number of activated molecules.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_f167</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Taste transduction ends with synaptic signaling to sensory neurons.	Correct	Sweet taste is detected by a voltage gated sodium channel on taste cells.	Incorrect	Sour taste is caused by <strong>Na<sup>+</sup></strong> entering taste cells through ENaC channels.	Incorrect	Signal amplification means each signaling step reduces the number of activated molecules.	Incorrect	In olfactory neurons, <strong>cAMP</strong> closes CNG channels to trigger depolarization.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_84db</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sweet tastants are detected mainly by direct passage of glucose through a membrane channel.	Incorrect	Olfactory transduction primarily depends on <strong>cGMP</strong> made by guanylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	Sour taste is caused by <strong>Na<sup>+</sup></strong> entering taste cells through ENaC channels.	Incorrect	Olfactory receptors are commonly seven-transmembrane <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> proteins.	Correct	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong>cAMP</strong> is converted into <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_e825</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Many odorants activate multiple receptors, producing a combinatorial code.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron usually expresses one receptor type.	Incorrect	In olfaction, an odorant can activate a G protein that stimulates adenylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	Signal amplification can occur when one activated receptor leads to many downstream second messengers.	Incorrect	In olfactory neurons, <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> closes CNG channels to trigger depolarization.	Correct
MC	<p>c26d_8d4e</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Phosphodiesterase increases cyclic nucleotide levels by synthesizing <strong>cAMP</strong> and <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Bitter taste occurs only when taste cells take up large amounts of <strong>Ca<sup>2+</sup></strong> from food.	Incorrect	Sweet tastants are detected mainly by direct passage of glucose through a membrane channel.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron usually expresses one receptor type.	Correct	Salty taste is primarily detected by nuclear hormone receptors in taste cells.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_dc08</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	In olfaction, <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> can act as a second messenger that gates ion channels.	Correct	Odor identity is determined only by odorant concentration,<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>by receptor patterns.	Incorrect	Each olfactory sensory neuron expresses many different olfactory receptor genes.	Incorrect	Salty taste depends on <strong>GPCR</strong> activation of adenylyl cyclase and <strong>cAMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Most odorants are detected by receptor tyrosine kinases in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_6bce</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Bitter taste commonly uses <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors and downstream signaling.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase can terminate cyclic nucleotide signals by breaking down <strong>cAMP</strong> or <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Salty taste depends on <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> activation of adenylyl cyclase and <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong>.	Correct	In sour sensing cells, protons (H+) can directly change ion channel activity.	Incorrect	In olfaction, an odorant can activate a G protein that stimulates adenylyl cyclase.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_e881</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Incorrect	Sweet tastants are detected mainly by direct passage of glucose through a membrane channel.	Incorrect	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong>cAMP</strong> is converted into <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase can terminate cyclic nucleotide signals by breaking down <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> or <strong><strong>cGMP</strong></strong>.	Correct	Olfactory transduction primarily depends on <strong>cGMP</strong> made by guanylyl cyclase.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_e383</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Signal amplification can occur when one activated receptor leads to many downstream second messengers.	Correct	Sour taste is caused by <strong>Na<sup>+</sup></strong> entering taste cells through ENaC channels.	Incorrect	In mammals, olfactory receptors are ligand gated ion channels that open directly when an odorant binds.	Incorrect	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong>cAMP</strong> is converted into <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	In olfaction, odorant binding decreases <strong>cAMP</strong> by directly inhibiting adenylyl cyclase.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_1611</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Odorant binding can lead to <strong>G<sub>olf</sub></strong> activation and increased <strong>cAMP</strong> production.	Incorrect	Many odorant receptors are <strong>GPCR</strong>s expressed in olfactory sensory neurons.	Incorrect	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Correct	Olfactory sensory neurons typically express one olfactory receptor gene.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase can terminate cyclic nucleotide signals by breaking down <strong>cAMP</strong> or <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_c006</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Olfactory sensory neurons typically express one olfactory receptor gene.	Correct	In mammals, olfactory receptors are ligand gated ion channels that open directly when an odorant binds.	Incorrect	Salty taste depends on <strong>GPCR</strong> activation of adenylyl cyclase and <strong>cAMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Signal amplification means each signaling step reduces the number of activated molecules.	Incorrect	Sweet taste is detected by a voltage gated sodium channel on taste cells.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_cbb7</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Each odorant activates only one receptor, so smell has a one odor to one receptor code.	Incorrect	Olfactory transduction primarily depends on <strong>cGMP</strong> made by guanylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	Sour tastants are detected because they increase pH inside taste receptor cells.	Incorrect	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong>cAMP</strong> is converted into <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Sweet taste is often detected by <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> type receptors on taste cells.	Correct
MC	<p>c26d_01b5</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Phosphodiesterase increases cyclic nucleotide levels by synthesizing <strong>cAMP</strong> and <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Taste receptor cells do<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>communicate with neurons and act only as passive sensors.	Incorrect	Olfactory transduction primarily depends on <strong>cGMP</strong> made by guanylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Incorrect	Many bitter compounds are detected through <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> signaling in taste receptor cells.	Correct
MC	<p>c26d_48a3</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Most odorants are detected by receptor tyrosine kinases in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	Signal amplification can occur when one activated receptor leads to many downstream second messengers.	Correct	Phosphodiesterase increases cyclic nucleotide levels by synthesizing <strong>cAMP</strong> and <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Incorrect	Salty taste is primarily detected by nuclear hormone receptors in taste cells.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_742b</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Each olfactory sensory neuron expresses many different olfactory receptor genes.	Incorrect	Taste receptor cells can release neurotransmitter onto afferent neurons.	Correct	Odor identity is determined only by odorant concentration,<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>by receptor patterns.	Incorrect	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong>cAMP</strong> is converted into <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Most odorants are detected by receptor tyrosine kinases in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_5bda</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sour taste is caused by <strong>Na<sup>+</sup></strong> entering taste cells through ENaC channels.	Incorrect	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong>cAMP</strong> is converted into <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Bitter taste occurs only when taste cells take up large amounts of <strong>Ca<sup>2+</sup></strong> from food.	Incorrect	Olfactory sensory neurons typically express one olfactory receptor gene.	Correct	Sweet tastants are detected mainly by direct passage of glucose through a membrane channel.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_51cd</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sour taste is caused by <strong>Na<sup>+</sup></strong> entering taste cells through ENaC channels.	Correct	Salty taste is often detected by direct ion flow across the membrane.	Incorrect	Olfactory receptors are commonly seven-transmembrane <strong>GPCR</strong> proteins.	Incorrect	Many odorants activate multiple receptors, producing a combinatorial code.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase can terminate cyclic nucleotide signals by breaking down <strong>cAMP</strong> or <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_d718</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Phosphodiesterase increases cyclic nucleotide levels by synthesizing <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> and <strong><strong>cGMP</strong></strong>.	Correct	Many bitter compounds are detected through <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling in taste receptor cells.	Incorrect	Salty taste is often detected by direct ion flow across the membrane.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron usually expresses one receptor type.	Incorrect	<strong>cAMP</strong> can open cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) ion channels in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_ec98</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases reduce signaling by hydrolyzing cyclic nucleotides.	Correct	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Incorrect	Bitter tastants are detected by the same receptor used for salty taste.	Incorrect	In olfactory neurons, <strong>cAMP</strong> closes CNG channels to trigger depolarization.	Incorrect	Each odorant activates only one receptor, so smell has a one odor to one receptor code.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_99d8</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Many odorant receptors are <strong>GPCR</strong>s expressed in olfactory sensory neurons.	Incorrect	Salty taste commonly involves ion movement through channels rather than <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron usually expresses one receptor type.	Incorrect	Sweet taste is detected by a voltage gated sodium channel on taste cells.	Correct	Odor identity is encoded by patterns of activity across many receptor types.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_5084</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	In sour sensing cells, protons (H+) can directly change ion channel activity.	Incorrect	Each olfactory sensory neuron expresses many different olfactory receptor genes.	Correct	Sweet taste is often detected by <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors on taste cells.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase can terminate cyclic nucleotide signals by breaking down <strong>cAMP</strong> or <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Many odorant receptors are <strong>GPCR</strong>s expressed in olfactory sensory neurons.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_e8e9</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Many odorants activate multiple receptors, producing a combinatorial code.	Incorrect	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Correct	Salty taste commonly involves ion movement through channels rather than <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling.	Incorrect	Odorant binding can lead to <strong>G<sub>olf</sub></strong> activation and increased <strong>cAMP</strong> production.	Incorrect	Olfactory receptors are commonly seven-transmembrane <strong>GPCR</strong> proteins.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_1188</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Phosphodiesterase can terminate cyclic nucleotide signals by breaking down <strong>cAMP</strong> or <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	<strong>cAMP</strong> can open cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) ion channels in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	Salty taste depends on <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> activation of adenylyl cyclase and <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong>.	Correct	Odor identity is encoded by patterns of activity across many receptor types.	Incorrect	Taste transduction ends with synaptic signaling to sensory neurons.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_0ad5</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Incorrect	Salty taste is primarily detected by nuclear hormone receptors in taste cells.	Incorrect	In olfactory neurons, <strong>cAMP</strong> closes CNG channels to trigger depolarization.	Incorrect	Sweet taste is detected by a voltage gated sodium channel on taste cells.	Incorrect	In sour sensing cells, protons (H+) can directly change ion channel activity.	Correct
MC	<p>c26d_1c67</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Olfactory receptors are commonly seven-transmembrane <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> proteins.	Correct	In olfactory neurons, <strong>cAMP</strong> closes CNG channels to trigger depolarization.	Incorrect	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Incorrect	Each odorant activates only one receptor, so smell has a one odor to one receptor code.	Incorrect	Sour taste is caused by <strong>Na<sup>+</sup></strong> entering taste cells through ENaC channels.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_1ec8</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Incorrect	Bitter taste occurs only when taste cells take up large amounts of <strong>Ca<sup>2+</sup></strong> from food.	Incorrect	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Incorrect	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Incorrect	Salty taste commonly involves ion movement through channels rather than <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> signaling.	Correct
MC	<p>c26d_c0a4</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Incorrect	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong>cAMP</strong> is converted into <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Salty taste is primarily detected by nuclear hormone receptors in taste cells.	Incorrect	Odorant binding can lead to <strong>G<sub>olf</sub></strong> activation and increased <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> production.	Correct	Each olfactory sensory neuron expresses many different olfactory receptor genes.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_8f53</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Many odorant receptors are <strong>GPCR</strong>s expressed in olfactory sensory neurons.	Incorrect	<strong>cAMP</strong> can open cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) ion channels in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	In olfaction, an odorant can activate a G protein that stimulates adenylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	In sour sensing cells, protons (H+) can directly change ion channel activity.	Incorrect	Sweet tastants are detected mainly by direct passage of glucose through a membrane channel.	Correct
MC	<p>c26d_6db7</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sour tastants are associated with low pH and increased proton concentration.	Correct	Each odorant activates only one receptor, so smell has a one odor to one receptor code.	Incorrect	Sweet taste is detected by a voltage gated sodium channel on taste cells.	Incorrect	Each olfactory sensory neuron expresses many different olfactory receptor genes.	Incorrect	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_dc9b</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sweet taste commonly uses a <strong>GPCR</strong> pathway rather than a simple ion channel pore.	Incorrect	In olfaction, <strong>cAMP</strong> can act as a second messenger that gates ion channels.	Incorrect	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Correct	Olfactory sensory neurons typically express one olfactory receptor gene.	Incorrect	Salty taste commonly involves ion movement through channels rather than <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_e4cd</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Salty taste is primarily detected by nuclear hormone receptors in taste cells.	Correct	Taste receptor cells can release neurotransmitter onto afferent neurons.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron usually expresses one receptor type.	Incorrect	Sour tastants are associated with low pH and increased proton concentration.	Incorrect	Odorant binding can lead to <strong>G<sub>olf</sub></strong> activation and increased <strong>cAMP</strong> production.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_422e</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Bitter taste occurs only when taste cells take up large amounts of <strong>Ca<sup>2+</sup></strong> from food.	Incorrect	Odor identity is determined only by odorant concentration,<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>by receptor patterns.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase can terminate cyclic nucleotide signals by breaking down <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> or <strong><strong>cGMP</strong></strong>.	Correct	In mammals, olfactory receptors are ligand gated ion channels that open directly when an odorant binds.	Incorrect	Each olfactory sensory neuron expresses many different olfactory receptor genes.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_fdb4</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Taste transduction ends with synaptic signaling to sensory neurons.	Correct	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase increases cyclic nucleotide levels by synthesizing <strong>cAMP</strong> and <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Most odorants are detected by receptor tyrosine kinases in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	In olfactory neurons, <strong>cAMP</strong> closes CNG channels to trigger depolarization.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_bded</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sour tastants are associated with low pH and increased proton concentration.	Correct	Odor identity is determined only by odorant concentration,<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>by receptor patterns.	Incorrect	In mammals, olfactory receptors are ligand gated ion channels that open directly when an odorant binds.	Incorrect	Sweet taste is detected by a voltage gated sodium channel on taste cells.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase makes <strong>cAMP</strong> from ATP and starts signaling.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_3564</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Olfactory sensory neurons typically express one olfactory receptor gene.	Incorrect	Bitter taste commonly uses <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors and downstream signaling.	Incorrect	Signal amplification can occur when one activated receptor leads to many downstream second messengers.	Incorrect	<strong>cAMP</strong> can open cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) ion channels in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	In mammals, olfactory receptors are ligand gated ion channels that open directly when an odorant binds.	Correct
MC	<p>ce30_c88d</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Salty taste depends on <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> activation of adenylyl cyclase and <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong>.	Correct	Taste transduction ends with synaptic signaling to sensory neurons.	Incorrect	Sweet taste is often detected by <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors on taste cells.	Incorrect	In olfaction, an odorant can activate a G protein that stimulates adenylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron usually expresses one receptor type.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_a546</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Taste receptor cells do<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>communicate with neurons and act only as passive sensors.	Incorrect	Bitter tastants are detected by the same receptor used for salty taste.	Incorrect	Many odorant receptors are <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong>s expressed in olfactory sensory neurons.	Correct	Salty taste is primarily detected by nuclear hormone receptors in taste cells.	Incorrect	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_ca77</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sweet tastants are detected mainly by direct passage of glucose through a membrane channel.	Correct	In olfaction, an odorant can activate a G protein that stimulates adenylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	<strong>cAMP</strong> can open cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) ion channels in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	Salty taste commonly involves ion movement through channels rather than <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling.	Incorrect	Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases reduce signaling by hydrolyzing cyclic nucleotides.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_8219</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases reduce signaling by hydrolyzing cyclic nucleotides.	Incorrect	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Correct	Many bitter compounds are detected through <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling in taste receptor cells.	Incorrect	Olfactory sensory neurons typically express one olfactory receptor gene.	Incorrect	In olfaction, <strong>cAMP</strong> can act as a second messenger that gates ion channels.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_d529</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sweet taste is often detected by <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors on taste cells.	Incorrect	Many odorants activate multiple receptors, producing a combinatorial code.	Incorrect	Sour tastants are associated with low pH and increased proton concentration.	Incorrect	A signaling cascade can amplify a small input into a larger cellular response.	Incorrect	In olfactory neurons, <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> closes CNG channels to trigger depolarization.	Correct
MC	<p>c26d_0e2f</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sweet taste commonly uses a <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> pathway rather than a simple ion channel pore.	Correct	Olfactory transduction primarily depends on <strong>cGMP</strong> made by guanylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	Bitter tastants are detected by the same receptor used for salty taste.	Incorrect	Salty taste depends on <strong>GPCR</strong> activation of adenylyl cyclase and <strong>cAMP</strong>.	Incorrect	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_43cb</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sweet taste is detected by a voltage gated sodium channel on taste cells.	Incorrect	Bitter tastants are detected by the same receptor used for salty taste.	Incorrect	In olfaction, odorant binding decreases <strong>cAMP</strong> by directly inhibiting adenylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	Signal amplification can occur when one activated receptor leads to many downstream second messengers.	Correct	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_4661</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Phosphodiesterase makes <strong>cAMP</strong> from ATP and starts signaling.	Incorrect	Most odorants are detected by receptor tyrosine kinases in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	Sweet taste commonly uses a <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> pathway rather than a simple ion channel pore.	Correct	In olfactory neurons, <strong>cAMP</strong> closes CNG channels to trigger depolarization.	Incorrect	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_22d3</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Incorrect	Olfactory transduction primarily depends on <strong>cGMP</strong> made by guanylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Incorrect	Salty taste commonly involves ion movement through channels rather than <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> signaling.	Correct	Bitter tastants are detected by the same receptor used for salty taste.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_3591</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sweet taste is often detected by <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors on taste cells.	Incorrect	Salty taste is often detected by direct ion flow across the membrane.	Incorrect	Olfactory sensory neurons typically express one olfactory receptor gene.	Incorrect	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> is converted into <strong><strong>cGMP</strong></strong>.	Correct	Taste transduction ends with synaptic signaling to sensory neurons.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_645c</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Phosphodiesterase can terminate cyclic nucleotide signals by breaking down <strong>cAMP</strong> or <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Odorant binding can lead to <strong>G<sub>olf</sub></strong> activation and increased <strong>cAMP</strong> production.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron usually expresses one receptor type.	Incorrect	Sour taste is caused by <strong>Na<sup>+</sup></strong> entering taste cells through ENaC channels.	Correct	<strong>cAMP</strong> can open cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) ion channels in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_65af</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Taste transduction ends with synaptic signaling to sensory neurons.	Correct	Signal amplification means each signaling step reduces the number of activated molecules.	Incorrect	In olfaction, odorant binding decreases <strong>cAMP</strong> by directly inhibiting adenylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong>cAMP</strong> is converted into <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Most odorants are detected by receptor tyrosine kinases in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_dd1d</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	<strong>cAMP</strong> can open cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) ion channels in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	Sweet taste commonly uses a <strong>GPCR</strong> pathway rather than a simple ion channel pore.	Incorrect	Signal amplification means each signaling step reduces the number of activated molecules.	Correct	Many odorant receptors are <strong>GPCR</strong>s expressed in olfactory sensory neurons.	Incorrect	Salty taste is often detected by direct ion flow across the membrane.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_aed6</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Each olfactory sensory neuron expresses many different olfactory receptor genes.	Incorrect	Sour tastants are detected because they increase pH inside taste receptor cells.	Incorrect	Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases reduce signaling by hydrolyzing cyclic nucleotides.	Correct	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Incorrect	Signal amplification means each signaling step reduces the number of activated molecules.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_9e46</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Bitter taste occurs only when taste cells take up large amounts of <strong>Ca<sup>2+</sup></strong> from food.	Incorrect	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong>cAMP</strong> is converted into <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Taste receptor cells can release neurotransmitter onto afferent neurons.	Correct	Phosphodiesterase increases cyclic nucleotide levels by synthesizing <strong>cAMP</strong> and <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Each olfactory sensory neuron expresses many different olfactory receptor genes.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_8da6</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Taste receptor cells do<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>communicate with neurons and act only as passive sensors.	Incorrect	Sour taste is linked to high acidity and elevated <strong>H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup></strong> in foods.	Correct	Sweet taste is detected by a voltage gated sodium channel on taste cells.	Incorrect	Bitter tastants are detected by the same receptor used for salty taste.	Incorrect	Signal amplification means each signaling step reduces the number of activated molecules.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_9038</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Salty taste depends on <strong>GPCR</strong> activation of adenylyl cyclase and <strong>cAMP</strong>.	Incorrect	In mammals, olfactory receptors are ligand gated ion channels that open directly when an odorant binds.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase increases cyclic nucleotide levels by synthesizing <strong>cAMP</strong> and <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Many odorants activate multiple receptors, producing a combinatorial code.	Correct	Each olfactory sensory neuron expresses many different olfactory receptor genes.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_1d64</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Odor identity is determined only by odorant concentration,<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>by receptor patterns.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Incorrect	Salty taste is often detected by direct ion flow across the membrane.	Correct	Sweet tastants are detected mainly by direct passage of glucose through a membrane channel.	Incorrect	Most odorants are detected by receptor tyrosine kinases in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_f68a</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Bitter tastants are detected by the same receptor used for salty taste.	Incorrect	Salty taste commonly involves ion movement through channels rather than <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> signaling.	Correct	Signal amplification means each signaling step reduces the number of activated molecules.	Incorrect	Sweet tastants are detected mainly by direct passage of glucose through a membrane channel.	Incorrect	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_564d</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Bitter taste occurs only when taste cells take up large amounts of <strong>Ca<sup>2+</sup></strong> from food.	Incorrect	Sweet taste is often detected by <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> type receptors on taste cells.	Correct	Sour tastants are detected because they increase pH inside taste receptor cells.	Incorrect	Olfactory transduction primarily depends on <strong>cGMP</strong> made by guanylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	Signal amplification means each signaling step reduces the number of activated molecules.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_170c</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	In olfaction, <strong>cAMP</strong> can act as a second messenger that gates ion channels.	Incorrect	Sweet taste commonly uses a <strong>GPCR</strong> pathway rather than a simple ion channel pore.	Incorrect	Olfactory receptors are commonly seven-transmembrane <strong>GPCR</strong> proteins.	Incorrect	Signal amplification can occur when one activated receptor leads to many downstream second messengers.	Incorrect	Sour taste is caused by <strong>Na<sup>+</sup></strong> entering taste cells through ENaC channels.	Correct
MC	<p>c26d_01e8</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Many odorants activate multiple receptors, producing a combinatorial code.	Correct	In mammals, olfactory receptors are ligand gated ion channels that open directly when an odorant binds.	Incorrect	Taste receptor cells do<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>communicate with neurons and act only as passive sensors.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Incorrect	Signal amplification means each signaling step reduces the number of activated molecules.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_7621</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sour tastants are detected because they increase pH inside taste receptor cells.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase makes <strong>cAMP</strong> from ATP and starts signaling.	Incorrect	Taste transduction ends with synaptic signaling to sensory neurons.	Correct	Bitter taste occurs only when taste cells take up large amounts of <strong>Ca<sup>2+</sup></strong> from food.	Incorrect	In olfaction, odorant binding decreases <strong>cAMP</strong> by directly inhibiting adenylyl cyclase.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_f122</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	In olfactory neurons, <strong>cAMP</strong> closes CNG channels to trigger depolarization.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase increases cyclic nucleotide levels by synthesizing <strong>cAMP</strong> and <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Odorant binding can lead to <strong>G<sub>olf</sub></strong> activation and increased <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> production.	Correct	Bitter taste occurs only when taste cells take up large amounts of <strong>Ca<sup>2+</sup></strong> from food.	Incorrect	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_9aca</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Most odorants are detected by receptor tyrosine kinases in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	Bitter taste occurs only when taste cells take up large amounts of <strong>Ca<sup>2+</sup></strong> from food.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase makes <strong>cAMP</strong> from ATP and starts signaling.	Incorrect	Odor identity is encoded by patterns of activity across many receptor types.	Correct	Salty taste is primarily detected by nuclear hormone receptors in taste cells.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_292c</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sour taste is caused by <strong>Na<sup>+</sup></strong> entering taste cells through ENaC channels.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase can terminate cyclic nucleotide signals by breaking down <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> or <strong><strong>cGMP</strong></strong>.	Correct	Salty taste is primarily detected by nuclear hormone receptors in taste cells.	Incorrect	Bitter tastants are detected by the same receptor used for salty taste.	Incorrect	In olfaction, odorant binding decreases <strong>cAMP</strong> by directly inhibiting adenylyl cyclase.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_78d7</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong>cAMP</strong> is converted into <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Sweet taste commonly uses a <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> pathway rather than a simple ion channel pore.	Correct	Most odorants are detected by receptor tyrosine kinases in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase makes <strong>cAMP</strong> from ATP and starts signaling.	Incorrect	Sour tastants are detected because they increase pH inside taste receptor cells.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_9153</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Incorrect	Bitter taste commonly uses <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> type receptors and downstream signaling.	Correct	Salty taste depends on <strong>GPCR</strong> activation of adenylyl cyclase and <strong>cAMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Sour tastants are detected because they increase pH inside taste receptor cells.	Incorrect	Each olfactory sensory neuron expresses many different olfactory receptor genes.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_59d4</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Bitter taste occurs only when taste cells take up large amounts of <strong>Ca<sup>2+</sup></strong> from food.	Correct	Sweet taste commonly uses a <strong>GPCR</strong> pathway rather than a simple ion channel pore.	Incorrect	Signal amplification can occur when one activated receptor leads to many downstream second messengers.	Incorrect	<strong>cAMP</strong> can open cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) ion channels in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	Salty taste is often detected by direct ion flow across the membrane.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_13ad</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	A single olfactory sensory neuron usually expresses one receptor type.	Incorrect	In olfaction, an odorant can activate a G protein that stimulates adenylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> is converted into <strong><strong>cGMP</strong></strong>.	Correct	Signal amplification can occur when one activated receptor leads to many downstream second messengers.	Incorrect	Salty taste commonly involves ion movement through channels rather than <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_1fe2</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	A signaling cascade can amplify a small input into a larger cellular response.	Incorrect	In olfaction, an odorant can activate a G protein that stimulates adenylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	Many bitter compounds are detected through <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling in taste receptor cells.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron usually expresses one receptor type.	Incorrect	Each odorant activates only one receptor, so smell has a one odor to one receptor code.	Correct
MC	<p>ce30_383a</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	A signaling cascade can amplify a small input into a larger cellular response.	Incorrect	Olfactory receptors are commonly seven-transmembrane <strong>GPCR</strong> proteins.	Incorrect	Bitter taste commonly uses <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors and downstream signaling.	Incorrect	Sweet tastants are detected mainly by direct passage of glucose through a membrane channel.	Correct	Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases reduce signaling by hydrolyzing cyclic nucleotides.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_3343</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sour tastants are detected because they increase pH inside taste receptor cells.	Incorrect	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Incorrect	Many odorant receptors are <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong>s expressed in olfactory sensory neurons.	Correct	Phosphodiesterase increases cyclic nucleotide levels by synthesizing <strong>cAMP</strong> and <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Bitter tastants are detected by the same receptor used for salty taste.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_1f30</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sweet taste is often detected by <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors on taste cells.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase can terminate cyclic nucleotide signals by breaking down <strong>cAMP</strong> or <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Sour taste is caused by <strong>Na<sup>+</sup></strong> entering taste cells through ENaC channels.	Correct	Bitter taste commonly uses <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors and downstream signaling.	Incorrect	Olfactory sensory neurons typically express one olfactory receptor gene.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_4ce0</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong>cAMP</strong> is converted into <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Olfactory sensory neurons typically express one olfactory receptor gene.	Correct	Sweet taste is detected by a voltage gated sodium channel on taste cells.	Incorrect	Sour tastants are detected because they increase pH inside taste receptor cells.	Incorrect	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_3758</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Salty taste depends on <strong>GPCR</strong> activation of adenylyl cyclase and <strong>cAMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Sweet tastants are detected mainly by direct passage of glucose through a membrane channel.	Incorrect	In olfactory neurons, <strong>cAMP</strong> closes CNG channels to trigger depolarization.	Incorrect	Many bitter compounds are detected through <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> signaling in taste receptor cells.	Correct	Olfactory transduction primarily depends on <strong>cGMP</strong> made by guanylyl cyclase.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_c1a9</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Phosphodiesterase can terminate cyclic nucleotide signals by breaking down <strong>cAMP</strong> or <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Many odorants activate multiple receptors, producing a combinatorial code.	Incorrect	Taste transduction ends with synaptic signaling to sensory neurons.	Incorrect	Most odorants are detected by receptor tyrosine kinases in olfactory neurons.	Correct	Sweet taste commonly uses a <strong>GPCR</strong> pathway rather than a simple ion channel pore.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_6927</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Phosphodiesterase increases cyclic nucleotide levels by synthesizing <strong>cAMP</strong> and <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Sweet taste is detected by a voltage gated sodium channel on taste cells.	Incorrect	In mammals, olfactory receptors are ligand gated ion channels that open directly when an odorant binds.	Incorrect	In olfaction, an odorant can activate a G protein that stimulates adenylyl cyclase.	Correct	Salty taste is primarily detected by nuclear hormone receptors in taste cells.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_afea</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sour tastants are detected because they increase pH inside taste receptor cells.	Incorrect	Sweet taste commonly uses a <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> pathway rather than a simple ion channel pore.	Correct	Most odorants are detected by receptor tyrosine kinases in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	Bitter taste occurs only when taste cells take up large amounts of <strong>Ca<sup>2+</sup></strong> from food.	Incorrect	Salty taste depends on <strong>GPCR</strong> activation of adenylyl cyclase and <strong>cAMP</strong>.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_cfef</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	A single olfactory sensory neuron usually expresses one receptor type.	Incorrect	<strong>cAMP</strong> can open cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) ion channels in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	Taste transduction ends with synaptic signaling to sensory neurons.	Incorrect	Odor identity is encoded by patterns of activity across many receptor types.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase increases cyclic nucleotide levels by synthesizing <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> and <strong><strong>cGMP</strong></strong>.	Correct
MC	<p>c26d_1f3b</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Incorrect	Sour tastants are detected because they increase pH inside taste receptor cells.	Incorrect	Salty taste is primarily detected by nuclear hormone receptors in taste cells.	Incorrect	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Incorrect	Bitter taste commonly uses <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> type receptors and downstream signaling.	Correct
MC	<p>ce30_f3de</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Odorant binding can lead to <strong>G<sub>olf</sub></strong> activation and increased <strong>cAMP</strong> production.	Incorrect	Salty taste commonly involves ion movement through channels rather than <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase can terminate cyclic nucleotide signals by breaking down <strong>cAMP</strong> or <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	<strong>cAMP</strong> can open cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) ion channels in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Correct
MC	<p>ce30_8794</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	<strong>cAMP</strong> can open cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) ion channels in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	Salty taste commonly involves ion movement through channels rather than <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling.	Incorrect	Taste transduction ends with synaptic signaling to sensory neurons.	Incorrect	Odorant binding can lead to <strong>G<sub>olf</sub></strong> activation and increased <strong>cAMP</strong> production.	Incorrect	Each odorant activates only one receptor, so smell has a one odor to one receptor code.	Correct
MC	<p>ce30_54f0</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	A signaling cascade can amplify a small input into a larger cellular response.	Incorrect	Each odorant activates only one receptor, so smell has a one odor to one receptor code.	Correct	Odorant binding can lead to <strong>G<sub>olf</sub></strong> activation and increased <strong>cAMP</strong> production.	Incorrect	Sour taste is linked to high acidity and elevated <strong>H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup></strong> in foods.	Incorrect	Many odorant receptors are <strong>GPCR</strong>s expressed in olfactory sensory neurons.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_bf00</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Bitter taste occurs only when taste cells take up large amounts of <strong>Ca<sup>2+</sup></strong> from food.	Incorrect	Salty taste depends on <strong>GPCR</strong> activation of adenylyl cyclase and <strong>cAMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Sour tastants are detected because they increase pH inside taste receptor cells.	Incorrect	Each olfactory sensory neuron expresses many different olfactory receptor genes.	Incorrect	In olfaction, <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> can act as a second messenger that gates ion channels.	Correct
MC	<p>ce30_663a</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	In sour sensing cells, protons (H+) can directly change ion channel activity.	Incorrect	In olfactory neurons, <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> closes CNG channels to trigger depolarization.	Correct	Bitter taste commonly uses <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors and downstream signaling.	Incorrect	Olfactory receptors are commonly seven-transmembrane <strong>GPCR</strong> proteins.	Incorrect	Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases reduce signaling by hydrolyzing cyclic nucleotides.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_1d86</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	<strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> can open cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) ion channels in olfactory neurons.	Correct	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase makes <strong>cAMP</strong> from ATP and starts signaling.	Incorrect	Bitter taste occurs only when taste cells take up large amounts of <strong>Ca<sup>2+</sup></strong> from food.	Incorrect	Salty taste is primarily detected by nuclear hormone receptors in taste cells.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_d25f</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Correct	Many odorants activate multiple receptors, producing a combinatorial code.	Incorrect	In olfaction, an odorant can activate a G protein that stimulates adenylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	Taste receptor cells can release neurotransmitter onto afferent neurons.	Incorrect	Salty taste commonly involves ion movement through channels rather than <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_c498</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sour tastants are associated with low pH and increased proton concentration.	Incorrect	In olfactory neurons, <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> closes CNG channels to trigger depolarization.	Correct	Salty taste is often detected by direct ion flow across the membrane.	Incorrect	Many odorant receptors are <strong>GPCR</strong>s expressed in olfactory sensory neurons.	Incorrect	Taste transduction ends with synaptic signaling to sensory neurons.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_b47e</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sweet tastants are detected mainly by direct passage of glucose through a membrane channel.	Incorrect	Salty taste depends on <strong>GPCR</strong> activation of adenylyl cyclase and <strong>cAMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Odor identity is determined only by odorant concentration,<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>by receptor patterns.	Incorrect	In olfaction, odorant binding decreases <strong>cAMP</strong> by directly inhibiting adenylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	Bitter taste commonly uses <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> type receptors and downstream signaling.	Correct
MC	<p>c26d_009a</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Bitter taste occurs only when taste cells take up large amounts of <strong>Ca<sup>2+</sup></strong> from food.	Incorrect	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Incorrect	Salty taste depends on <strong>GPCR</strong> activation of adenylyl cyclase and <strong>cAMP</strong>.	Incorrect	<strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> can open cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) ion channels in olfactory neurons.	Correct	Odor identity is determined only by odorant concentration,<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>by receptor patterns.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_7c80</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Olfactory receptors are commonly seven-transmembrane <strong>GPCR</strong> proteins.	Incorrect	Olfactory transduction primarily depends on <strong><strong>cGMP</strong></strong> made by guanylyl cyclase.	Correct	Bitter taste commonly uses <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors and downstream signaling.	Incorrect	Sweet taste is often detected by <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors on taste cells.	Incorrect	In sour sensing cells, protons (H+) can directly change ion channel activity.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_ec7f</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Salty taste is often detected by direct ion flow across the membrane.	Incorrect	Sweet taste is often detected by <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors on taste cells.	Incorrect	Odor identity is determined only by odorant concentration,<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>by receptor patterns.	Correct	A single olfactory sensory neuron usually expresses one receptor type.	Incorrect	A signaling cascade can amplify a small input into a larger cellular response.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_6fe9</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	In olfaction, odorant binding decreases <strong>cAMP</strong> by directly inhibiting adenylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	Salty taste is primarily detected by nuclear hormone receptors in taste cells.	Incorrect	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Incorrect	Sweet taste is often detected by <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> type receptors on taste cells.	Correct	Most odorants are detected by receptor tyrosine kinases in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_fdd6</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Odorant binding can lead to <strong>G<sub>olf</sub></strong> activation and increased <strong>cAMP</strong> production.	Incorrect	Bitter taste commonly uses <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors and downstream signaling.	Incorrect	Salty taste commonly involves ion movement through channels rather than <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling.	Incorrect	Olfactory receptors are commonly seven-transmembrane <strong>GPCR</strong> proteins.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase increases cyclic nucleotide levels by synthesizing <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> and <strong><strong>cGMP</strong></strong>.	Correct
MC	<p>ce30_b760</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Odor identity is encoded by patterns of activity across many receptor types.	Incorrect	Olfactory receptors are commonly seven-transmembrane <strong>GPCR</strong> proteins.	Incorrect	Bitter taste commonly uses <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors and downstream signaling.	Incorrect	<strong>cAMP</strong> can open cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) ion channels in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	Each olfactory sensory neuron expresses many different olfactory receptor genes.	Correct
MC	<p>ce30_0be8</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Phosphodiesterase can terminate cyclic nucleotide signals by breaking down <strong>cAMP</strong> or <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron usually expresses one receptor type.	Incorrect	Salty taste is primarily detected by nuclear hormone receptors in taste cells.	Correct	Sour taste is linked to high acidity and elevated <strong>H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup></strong> in foods.	Incorrect	A signaling cascade can amplify a small input into a larger cellular response.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_420b</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sour taste is caused by <strong>Na<sup>+</sup></strong> entering taste cells through ENaC channels.	Incorrect	Odor identity is determined only by odorant concentration,<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>by receptor patterns.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase makes <strong>cAMP</strong> from ATP and starts signaling.	Incorrect	Many odorant receptors are <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong>s expressed in olfactory sensory neurons.	Correct	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong>cAMP</strong> is converted into <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_5e23</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Taste receptor cells can release neurotransmitter onto afferent neurons.	Correct	In olfaction, odorant binding decreases <strong>cAMP</strong> by directly inhibiting adenylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	Each olfactory sensory neuron expresses many different olfactory receptor genes.	Incorrect	Salty taste is primarily detected by nuclear hormone receptors in taste cells.	Incorrect	In mammals, olfactory receptors are ligand gated ion channels that open directly when an odorant binds.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_15e6</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	<strong>cAMP</strong> can open cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) ion channels in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	In olfaction, an odorant can activate a G protein that stimulates adenylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Correct	Olfactory receptors are commonly seven-transmembrane <strong>GPCR</strong> proteins.	Incorrect	Signal amplification can occur when one activated receptor leads to many downstream second messengers.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_398c</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sweet taste commonly uses a <strong>GPCR</strong> pathway rather than a simple ion channel pore.	Incorrect	Odorant binding can lead to <strong>G<sub>olf</sub></strong> activation and increased <strong>cAMP</strong> production.	Incorrect	Bitter taste occurs only when taste cells take up large amounts of <strong>Ca<sup>2+</sup></strong> from food.	Correct	Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases reduce signaling by hydrolyzing cyclic nucleotides.	Incorrect	Many odorants activate multiple receptors, producing a combinatorial code.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_78b2</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sour tastants are associated with low pH and increased proton concentration.	Incorrect	Many bitter compounds are detected through <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling in taste receptor cells.	Incorrect	In olfactory neurons, <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> closes CNG channels to trigger depolarization.	Correct	Taste receptor cells can release neurotransmitter onto afferent neurons.	Incorrect	Sweet taste commonly uses a <strong>GPCR</strong> pathway rather than a simple ion channel pore.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_dff4</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sweet tastants are detected mainly by direct passage of glucose through a membrane channel.	Incorrect	In olfactory neurons, <strong>cAMP</strong> closes CNG channels to trigger depolarization.	Incorrect	Olfactory receptors are commonly seven-transmembrane <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> proteins.	Correct	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Incorrect	Taste receptor cells do<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>communicate with neurons and act only as passive sensors.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_6307</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	In sour sensing cells, protons (H+) can directly change ion channel activity.	Incorrect	Salty taste is often detected by direct ion flow across the membrane.	Incorrect	Bitter tastants are detected by the same receptor used for salty taste.	Correct	Many odorant receptors are <strong>GPCR</strong>s expressed in olfactory sensory neurons.	Incorrect	Sweet taste is often detected by <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors on taste cells.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_090b</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	A signaling cascade can amplify a small input into a larger cellular response.	Incorrect	Sweet taste is often detected by <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors on taste cells.	Incorrect	Salty taste commonly involves ion movement through channels rather than <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling.	Incorrect	Sour tastants are associated with low pH and increased proton concentration.	Incorrect	Each odorant activates only one receptor, so smell has a one odor to one receptor code.	Correct
MC	<p>c26d_2913</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Bitter taste occurs only when taste cells take up large amounts of <strong>Ca<sup>2+</sup></strong> from food.	Incorrect	Each odorant activates only one receptor, so smell has a one odor to one receptor code.	Incorrect	Sweet tastants are detected mainly by direct passage of glucose through a membrane channel.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Incorrect	A signaling cascade can amplify a small input into a larger cellular response.	Correct
MC	<p>ce30_07e3</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Olfactory sensory neurons typically express one olfactory receptor gene.	Incorrect	Odor identity is encoded by patterns of activity across many receptor types.	Incorrect	Sweet taste is detected by a voltage gated sodium channel on taste cells.	Correct	In olfaction, <strong>cAMP</strong> can act as a second messenger that gates ion channels.	Incorrect	Olfactory receptors are commonly seven-transmembrane <strong>GPCR</strong> proteins.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_0c84</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Olfactory transduction primarily depends on <strong>cGMP</strong> made by guanylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	Signal amplification means each signaling step reduces the number of activated molecules.	Incorrect	Each olfactory sensory neuron expresses many different olfactory receptor genes.	Incorrect	In sour sensing cells, protons (H+) can directly change ion channel activity.	Correct	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_94bc</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	A single olfactory sensory neuron usually expresses one receptor type.	Correct	Signal amplification means each signaling step reduces the number of activated molecules.	Incorrect	Salty taste depends on <strong>GPCR</strong> activation of adenylyl cyclase and <strong>cAMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Each odorant activates only one receptor, so smell has a one odor to one receptor code.	Incorrect	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_b072</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Odor identity is encoded by patterns of activity across many receptor types.	Incorrect	Taste transduction ends with synaptic signaling to sensory neurons.	Incorrect	Many odorant receptors are <strong>GPCR</strong>s expressed in olfactory sensory neurons.	Incorrect	<strong>cAMP</strong> can open cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) ion channels in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase makes <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> from ATP and starts signaling.	Correct
MC	<p>ce30_b8d8</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Correct	Olfactory sensory neurons typically express one olfactory receptor gene.	Incorrect	Salty taste commonly involves ion movement through channels rather than <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling.	Incorrect	Sweet taste is often detected by <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors on taste cells.	Incorrect	Many odorant receptors are <strong>GPCR</strong>s expressed in olfactory sensory neurons.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_925a</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sour taste is caused by <strong>Na<sup>+</sup></strong> entering taste cells through ENaC channels.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase can terminate cyclic nucleotide signals by breaking down <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> or <strong><strong>cGMP</strong></strong>.	Correct	In olfactory neurons, <strong>cAMP</strong> closes CNG channels to trigger depolarization.	Incorrect	Bitter tastants are detected by the same receptor used for salty taste.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_97b0</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	In mammals, olfactory receptors are ligand gated ion channels that open directly when an odorant binds.	Correct	Bitter taste commonly uses <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors and downstream signaling.	Incorrect	In sour sensing cells, protons (H+) can directly change ion channel activity.	Incorrect	Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases reduce signaling by hydrolyzing cyclic nucleotides.	Incorrect	Many odorants activate multiple receptors, producing a combinatorial code.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_d19d</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Salty taste is often detected by direct ion flow across the membrane.	Incorrect	In olfaction, <strong>cAMP</strong> can act as a second messenger that gates ion channels.	Incorrect	Odorant binding can lead to <strong>G<sub>olf</sub></strong> activation and increased <strong>cAMP</strong> production.	Incorrect	Sweet taste commonly uses a <strong>GPCR</strong> pathway rather than a simple ion channel pore.	Incorrect	Bitter tastants are detected by the same receptor used for salty taste.	Correct
MC	<p>ce30_798e</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Olfactory receptors are commonly seven-transmembrane <strong>GPCR</strong> proteins.	Incorrect	Bitter taste commonly uses <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors and downstream signaling.	Incorrect	Salty taste is primarily detected by nuclear hormone receptors in taste cells.	Correct	<strong>cAMP</strong> can open cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) ion channels in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	Taste receptor cells can release neurotransmitter onto afferent neurons.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_efc6</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Each odorant activates only one receptor, so smell has a one odor to one receptor code.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron usually expresses one receptor type.	Correct	Sweet tastants are detected mainly by direct passage of glucose through a membrane channel.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase makes <strong>cAMP</strong> from ATP and starts signaling.	Incorrect	Taste receptor cells do<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>communicate with neurons and act only as passive sensors.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_b99b</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	In olfaction, <strong>cAMP</strong> can act as a second messenger that gates ion channels.	Incorrect	Sour taste is caused by <strong>Na<sup>+</sup></strong> entering taste cells through ENaC channels.	Correct	Salty taste commonly involves ion movement through channels rather than <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase can terminate cyclic nucleotide signals by breaking down <strong>cAMP</strong> or <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Many odorants activate multiple receptors, producing a combinatorial code.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_8903</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Each odorant activates only one receptor, so smell has a one odor to one receptor code.	Correct	Odorant binding can lead to <strong>G<sub>olf</sub></strong> activation and increased <strong>cAMP</strong> production.	Incorrect	Taste transduction ends with synaptic signaling to sensory neurons.	Incorrect	Signal amplification can occur when one activated receptor leads to many downstream second messengers.	Incorrect	Salty taste is often detected by direct ion flow across the membrane.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_072e</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Correct	Many bitter compounds are detected through <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling in taste receptor cells.	Incorrect	<strong>cAMP</strong> can open cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) ion channels in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	Olfactory receptors are commonly seven-transmembrane <strong>GPCR</strong> proteins.	Incorrect	In sour sensing cells, protons (H+) can directly change ion channel activity.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_dddc</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Incorrect	Many odorants activate multiple receptors, producing a combinatorial code.	Correct	Olfactory transduction primarily depends on <strong>cGMP</strong> made by guanylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Incorrect	Bitter taste occurs only when taste cells take up large amounts of <strong>Ca<sup>2+</sup></strong> from food.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_bc3e</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Phosphodiesterase makes <strong>cAMP</strong> from ATP and starts signaling.	Incorrect	Taste transduction ends with synaptic signaling to sensory neurons.	Correct	Most odorants are detected by receptor tyrosine kinases in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	In olfactory neurons, <strong>cAMP</strong> closes CNG channels to trigger depolarization.	Incorrect	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_5204</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	In olfaction, an odorant can activate a G protein that stimulates adenylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase can terminate cyclic nucleotide signals by breaking down <strong>cAMP</strong> or <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Sour taste is caused by <strong>Na<sup>+</sup></strong> entering taste cells through ENaC channels.	Correct	<strong>cAMP</strong> can open cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) ion channels in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	Taste receptor cells can release neurotransmitter onto afferent neurons.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_38a7</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Signal amplification means each signaling step reduces the number of activated molecules.	Correct	<strong>cAMP</strong> can open cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) ion channels in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	Taste receptor cells can release neurotransmitter onto afferent neurons.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase can terminate cyclic nucleotide signals by breaking down <strong>cAMP</strong> or <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Sweet taste commonly uses a <strong>GPCR</strong> pathway rather than a simple ion channel pore.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_1b3d</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Most odorants are detected by receptor tyrosine kinases in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	Bitter tastants are detected by the same receptor used for salty taste.	Incorrect	Olfactory transduction primarily depends on <strong>cGMP</strong> made by guanylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase can terminate cyclic nucleotide signals by breaking down <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> or <strong><strong>cGMP</strong></strong>.	Correct
MC	<p>ce30_0d6e</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Signal amplification can occur when one activated receptor leads to many downstream second messengers.	Incorrect	Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases reduce signaling by hydrolyzing cyclic nucleotides.	Incorrect	Many odorants activate multiple receptors, producing a combinatorial code.	Incorrect	In mammals, olfactory receptors are ligand gated ion channels that open directly when an odorant binds.	Correct	Sweet taste commonly uses a <strong>GPCR</strong> pathway rather than a simple ion channel pore.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_5878</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Salty taste is often detected by direct ion flow across the membrane.	Correct	Most odorants are detected by receptor tyrosine kinases in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Incorrect	Bitter tastants are detected by the same receptor used for salty taste.	Incorrect	In olfactory neurons, <strong>cAMP</strong> closes CNG channels to trigger depolarization.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_dd99</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Incorrect	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong>cAMP</strong> is converted into <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Sour taste is caused by <strong>Na<sup>+</sup></strong> entering taste cells through ENaC channels.	Incorrect	In olfaction, odorant binding decreases <strong>cAMP</strong> by directly inhibiting adenylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	A signaling cascade can amplify a small input into a larger cellular response.	Correct
MC	<p>ce30_6fda</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Bitter taste commonly uses <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors and downstream signaling.	Incorrect	In olfaction, an odorant can activate a G protein that stimulates adenylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	Sweet taste commonly uses a <strong>GPCR</strong> pathway rather than a simple ion channel pore.	Incorrect	Each odorant activates only one receptor, so smell has a one odor to one receptor code.	Correct	A signaling cascade can amplify a small input into a larger cellular response.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_0b5b</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Signal amplification means each signaling step reduces the number of activated molecules.	Incorrect	Taste receptor cells do<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>communicate with neurons and act only as passive sensors.	Incorrect	Bitter tastants are detected by the same receptor used for salty taste.	Incorrect	Each olfactory sensory neuron expresses many different olfactory receptor genes.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase can terminate cyclic nucleotide signals by breaking down <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> or <strong><strong>cGMP</strong></strong>.	Correct
MC	<p>c26d_eb69</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Olfactory transduction primarily depends on <strong>cGMP</strong> made by guanylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	Odor identity is determined only by odorant concentration,<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>by receptor patterns.	Incorrect	Olfactory sensory neurons typically express one olfactory receptor gene.	Correct	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong>cAMP</strong> is converted into <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Taste receptor cells do<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>communicate with neurons and act only as passive sensors.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_32fd</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Signal amplification can occur when one activated receptor leads to many downstream second messengers.	Incorrect	In olfaction, odorant binding decreases <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> by directly inhibiting adenylyl cyclase.	Correct	Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases reduce signaling by hydrolyzing cyclic nucleotides.	Incorrect	Sour tastants are associated with low pH and increased proton concentration.	Incorrect	In olfaction, <strong>cAMP</strong> can act as a second messenger that gates ion channels.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_167f</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Salty taste is primarily detected by nuclear hormone receptors in taste cells.	Incorrect	In olfactory neurons, <strong>cAMP</strong> closes CNG channels to trigger depolarization.	Incorrect	Bitter taste commonly uses <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> type receptors and downstream signaling.	Correct	Odor identity is determined only by odorant concentration,<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>by receptor patterns.	Incorrect	Most odorants are detected by receptor tyrosine kinases in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_409a</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Signal amplification means each signaling step reduces the number of activated molecules.	Correct	Sweet taste commonly uses a <strong>GPCR</strong> pathway rather than a simple ion channel pore.	Incorrect	In olfaction, <strong>cAMP</strong> can act as a second messenger that gates ion channels.	Incorrect	Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases reduce signaling by hydrolyzing cyclic nucleotides.	Incorrect	Sour tastants are associated with low pH and increased proton concentration.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_62a9</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Incorrect	Signal amplification means each signaling step reduces the number of activated molecules.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase increases cyclic nucleotide levels by synthesizing <strong>cAMP</strong> and <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Each olfactory sensory neuron expresses many different olfactory receptor genes.	Incorrect	In olfaction, an odorant can activate a G protein that stimulates adenylyl cyclase.	Correct
MC	<p>c26d_5849</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Incorrect	Bitter taste commonly uses <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> type receptors and downstream signaling.	Correct	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong>cAMP</strong> is converted into <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Salty taste depends on <strong>GPCR</strong> activation of adenylyl cyclase and <strong>cAMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Sour tastants are detected because they increase pH inside taste receptor cells.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_419c</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	<strong>cAMP</strong> can open cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) ion channels in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	Olfactory transduction primarily depends on <strong><strong>cGMP</strong></strong> made by guanylyl cyclase.	Correct	In sour sensing cells, protons (H+) can directly change ion channel activity.	Incorrect	Many odorant receptors are <strong>GPCR</strong>s expressed in olfactory sensory neurons.	Incorrect	Taste transduction ends with synaptic signaling to sensory neurons.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_790d</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Signal amplification can occur when one activated receptor leads to many downstream second messengers.	Incorrect	Sour tastants are associated with low pH and increased proton concentration.	Incorrect	Most odorants are detected by receptor tyrosine kinases in olfactory neurons.	Correct	Phosphodiesterase can terminate cyclic nucleotide signals by breaking down <strong>cAMP</strong> or <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Odorant binding can lead to <strong>G<sub>olf</sub></strong> activation and increased <strong>cAMP</strong> production.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_0a56</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> is converted into <strong><strong>cGMP</strong></strong>.	Correct	In sour sensing cells, protons (H+) can directly change ion channel activity.	Incorrect	Olfactory receptors are commonly seven-transmembrane <strong>GPCR</strong> proteins.	Incorrect	Odor identity is encoded by patterns of activity across many receptor types.	Incorrect	Taste receptor cells can release neurotransmitter onto afferent neurons.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_87f8</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sweet taste commonly uses a <strong>GPCR</strong> pathway rather than a simple ion channel pore.	Incorrect	Sour taste is caused by <strong>Na<sup>+</sup></strong> entering taste cells through ENaC channels.	Correct	Salty taste commonly involves ion movement through channels rather than <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling.	Incorrect	Olfactory sensory neurons typically express one olfactory receptor gene.	Incorrect	In olfaction, <strong>cAMP</strong> can act as a second messenger that gates ion channels.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_63d4</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	A single olfactory sensory neuron usually expresses one receptor type.	Correct	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Incorrect	Salty taste depends on <strong>GPCR</strong> activation of adenylyl cyclase and <strong>cAMP</strong>.	Incorrect	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong>cAMP</strong> is converted into <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Sour taste is caused by <strong>Na<sup>+</sup></strong> entering taste cells through ENaC channels.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_13cd</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Correct	Sweet taste is often detected by <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors on taste cells.	Incorrect	Sour taste is linked to high acidity and elevated <strong>H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup></strong> in foods.	Incorrect	Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases reduce signaling by hydrolyzing cyclic nucleotides.	Incorrect	Signal amplification can occur when one activated receptor leads to many downstream second messengers.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_3567</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Phosphodiesterase makes <strong>cAMP</strong> from ATP and starts signaling.	Incorrect	Salty taste commonly involves ion movement through channels rather than <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> signaling.	Correct	Bitter taste occurs only when taste cells take up large amounts of <strong>Ca<sup>2+</sup></strong> from food.	Incorrect	Olfactory transduction primarily depends on <strong>cGMP</strong> made by guanylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	Signal amplification means each signaling step reduces the number of activated molecules.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_cc09</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Taste receptor cells can release neurotransmitter onto afferent neurons.	Incorrect	Odorant binding can lead to <strong>G<sub>olf</sub></strong> activation and increased <strong>cAMP</strong> production.	Incorrect	Many bitter compounds are detected through <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling in taste receptor cells.	Incorrect	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> is converted into <strong><strong>cGMP</strong></strong>.	Correct	Sweet taste is often detected by <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors on taste cells.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_c03c</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Signal amplification means each signaling step reduces the number of activated molecules.	Incorrect	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong>cAMP</strong> is converted into <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Olfactory receptors are commonly seven-transmembrane <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> proteins.	Correct	Olfactory transduction primarily depends on <strong>cGMP</strong> made by guanylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	Sweet tastants are detected mainly by direct passage of glucose through a membrane channel.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_a30a</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Salty taste commonly involves ion movement through channels rather than <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> signaling.	Correct	Bitter taste occurs only when taste cells take up large amounts of <strong>Ca<sup>2+</sup></strong> from food.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Incorrect	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Incorrect	Sweet taste is detected by a voltage gated sodium channel on taste cells.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_f3ee</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases reduce signaling by hydrolyzing cyclic nucleotides.	Incorrect	Sweet tastants are detected mainly by direct passage of glucose through a membrane channel.	Correct	In olfaction, <strong>cAMP</strong> can act as a second messenger that gates ion channels.	Incorrect	Odorant binding can lead to <strong>G<sub>olf</sub></strong> activation and increased <strong>cAMP</strong> production.	Incorrect	Bitter taste commonly uses <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors and downstream signaling.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_709c</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	A signaling cascade can amplify a small input into a larger cellular response.	Incorrect	Taste transduction ends with synaptic signaling to sensory neurons.	Incorrect	Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases reduce signaling by hydrolyzing cyclic nucleotides.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron usually expresses one receptor type.	Incorrect	Salty taste depends on <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> activation of adenylyl cyclase and <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong>.	Correct
MC	<p>c26d_5cac</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Odorant binding can lead to <strong>G<sub>olf</sub></strong> activation and increased <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> production.	Correct	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase makes <strong>cAMP</strong> from ATP and starts signaling.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Incorrect	In olfactory neurons, <strong>cAMP</strong> closes CNG channels to trigger depolarization.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_2885</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Bitter tastants are detected by the same receptor used for salty taste.	Incorrect	Sour taste is linked to high acidity and elevated <strong>H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup></strong> in foods.	Correct	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Incorrect	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong>cAMP</strong> is converted into <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	In mammals, olfactory receptors are ligand gated ion channels that open directly when an odorant binds.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_650b</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Each olfactory sensory neuron expresses many different olfactory receptor genes.	Incorrect	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong>cAMP</strong> is converted into <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	A signaling cascade can amplify a small input into a larger cellular response.	Correct	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Incorrect	Bitter tastants are detected by the same receptor used for salty taste.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_7802</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	In sour sensing cells, protons (H+) can directly change ion channel activity.	Incorrect	Sweet taste is often detected by <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors on taste cells.	Incorrect	Each odorant activates only one receptor, so smell has a one odor to one receptor code.	Correct	Olfactory receptors are commonly seven-transmembrane <strong>GPCR</strong> proteins.	Incorrect	Taste receptor cells can release neurotransmitter onto afferent neurons.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_22db</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Many odorants activate multiple receptors, producing a combinatorial code.	Incorrect	Signal amplification means each signaling step reduces the number of activated molecules.	Correct	Sweet taste commonly uses a <strong>GPCR</strong> pathway rather than a simple ion channel pore.	Incorrect	Bitter taste commonly uses <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors and downstream signaling.	Incorrect	Sour tastants are associated with low pH and increased proton concentration.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_7633</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	In sour sensing cells, protons (H+) can directly change ion channel activity.	Incorrect	Olfactory receptors are commonly seven-transmembrane <strong>GPCR</strong> proteins.	Incorrect	Sweet taste is often detected by <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors on taste cells.	Incorrect	Salty taste commonly involves ion movement through channels rather than <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase increases cyclic nucleotide levels by synthesizing <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> and <strong><strong>cGMP</strong></strong>.	Correct
MC	<p>c26d_db3c</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Signal amplification can occur when one activated receptor leads to many downstream second messengers.	Correct	Odor identity is determined only by odorant concentration,<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>by receptor patterns.	Incorrect	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong>cAMP</strong> is converted into <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Most odorants are detected by receptor tyrosine kinases in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase increases cyclic nucleotide levels by synthesizing <strong>cAMP</strong> and <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_b49b</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sour tastants are associated with low pH and increased proton concentration.	Incorrect	Bitter taste commonly uses <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors and downstream signaling.	Incorrect	Each olfactory sensory neuron expresses many different olfactory receptor genes.	Correct	<strong>cAMP</strong> can open cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) ion channels in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	Many odorant receptors are <strong>GPCR</strong>s expressed in olfactory sensory neurons.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_91b3</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sour tastants are associated with low pH and increased proton concentration.	Correct	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong>cAMP</strong> is converted into <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Sweet tastants are detected mainly by direct passage of glucose through a membrane channel.	Incorrect	In mammals, olfactory receptors are ligand gated ion channels that open directly when an odorant binds.	Incorrect	Taste receptor cells do<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>communicate with neurons and act only as passive sensors.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_9a3a</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Many odorants activate multiple receptors, producing a combinatorial code.	Incorrect	Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases reduce signaling by hydrolyzing cyclic nucleotides.	Incorrect	Sweet tastants are detected mainly by direct passage of glucose through a membrane channel.	Correct	Taste transduction ends with synaptic signaling to sensory neurons.	Incorrect	In sour sensing cells, protons (H+) can directly change ion channel activity.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_9019</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Olfactory receptors are commonly seven-transmembrane <strong>GPCR</strong> proteins.	Incorrect	Olfactory sensory neurons typically express one olfactory receptor gene.	Incorrect	Taste receptor cells can release neurotransmitter onto afferent neurons.	Incorrect	Salty taste commonly involves ion movement through channels rather than <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling.	Incorrect	Sour tastants are detected because they increase pH inside taste receptor cells.	Correct
MC	<p>c26d_0334</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Most odorants are detected by receptor tyrosine kinases in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	Bitter taste occurs only when taste cells take up large amounts of <strong>Ca<sup>2+</sup></strong> from food.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Incorrect	Salty taste is primarily detected by nuclear hormone receptors in taste cells.	Incorrect	A signaling cascade can amplify a small input into a larger cellular response.	Correct
MC	<p>c26d_50df</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Most odorants are detected by receptor tyrosine kinases in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	Taste receptor cells do<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>communicate with neurons and act only as passive sensors.	Incorrect	In olfaction, <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> can act as a second messenger that gates ion channels.	Correct	Bitter taste occurs only when taste cells take up large amounts of <strong>Ca<sup>2+</sup></strong> from food.	Incorrect	Olfactory transduction primarily depends on <strong>cGMP</strong> made by guanylyl cyclase.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_5582</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Most odorants are detected by receptor tyrosine kinases in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	Taste receptor cells do<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>communicate with neurons and act only as passive sensors.	Incorrect	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase increases cyclic nucleotide levels by synthesizing <strong>cAMP</strong> and <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Sweet taste is often detected by <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> type receptors on taste cells.	Correct
MC	<p>c26d_3a1c</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Bitter tastants are detected by the same receptor used for salty taste.	Incorrect	In mammals, olfactory receptors are ligand gated ion channels that open directly when an odorant binds.	Incorrect	Sweet taste is detected by a voltage gated sodium channel on taste cells.	Incorrect	Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases reduce signaling by hydrolyzing cyclic nucleotides.	Correct	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_abf9</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sweet taste is often detected by <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors on taste cells.	Incorrect	In olfaction, <strong>cAMP</strong> can act as a second messenger that gates ion channels.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase can terminate cyclic nucleotide signals by breaking down <strong>cAMP</strong> or <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron usually expresses one receptor type.	Incorrect	Most odorants are detected by receptor tyrosine kinases in olfactory neurons.	Correct
MC	<p>ce30_b917</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Salty taste commonly involves ion movement through channels rather than <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling.	Incorrect	Olfactory sensory neurons typically express one olfactory receptor gene.	Incorrect	Many bitter compounds are detected through <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling in taste receptor cells.	Incorrect	Taste receptor cells can release neurotransmitter onto afferent neurons.	Incorrect	Odor identity is determined only by odorant concentration,<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>by receptor patterns.	Correct
MC	<p>c26d_7217</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	A signaling cascade can amplify a small input into a larger cellular response.	Correct	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Incorrect	Sour tastants are detected because they increase pH inside taste receptor cells.	Incorrect	In olfactory neurons, <strong>cAMP</strong> closes CNG channels to trigger depolarization.	Incorrect	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_d3c5</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases reduce signaling by hydrolyzing cyclic nucleotides.	Incorrect	Each odorant activates only one receptor, so smell has a one odor to one receptor code.	Correct	In olfaction, <strong>cAMP</strong> can act as a second messenger that gates ion channels.	Incorrect	Olfactory receptors are commonly seven-transmembrane <strong>GPCR</strong> proteins.	Incorrect	Bitter taste commonly uses <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors and downstream signaling.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_efd5</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sweet taste is often detected by <strong>GPCR</strong> type receptors on taste cells.	Incorrect	Salty taste is often detected by direct ion flow across the membrane.	Incorrect	Many odorants activate multiple receptors, producing a combinatorial code.	Incorrect	Bitter tastants are detected by the same receptor used for salty taste.	Correct	Signal amplification can occur when one activated receptor leads to many downstream second messengers.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_4e1d</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Odor identity is determined only by odorant concentration,<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>by receptor patterns.	Correct	Phosphodiesterase can terminate cyclic nucleotide signals by breaking down <strong>cAMP</strong> or <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Olfactory receptors are commonly seven-transmembrane <strong>GPCR</strong> proteins.	Incorrect	Many bitter compounds are detected through <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling in taste receptor cells.	Incorrect	Signal amplification can occur when one activated receptor leads to many downstream second messengers.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_014a</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Salty taste depends on <strong>GPCR</strong> activation of adenylyl cyclase and <strong>cAMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Sour taste is caused by <strong>Na<sup>+</sup></strong> entering taste cells through ENaC channels.	Incorrect	Signal amplification means each signaling step reduces the number of activated molecules.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase increases cyclic nucleotide levels by synthesizing <strong>cAMP</strong> and <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Many odorant receptors are <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong>s expressed in olfactory sensory neurons.	Correct
MC	<p>c26d_c32f</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Incorrect	Each odorant activates only one receptor, so smell has a one odor to one receptor code.	Incorrect	Most odorants are detected by receptor tyrosine kinases in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	Salty taste commonly involves ion movement through channels rather than <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> signaling.	Correct	Bitter taste occurs only when taste cells take up large amounts of <strong>Ca<sup>2+</sup></strong> from food.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_c2c1</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sour taste is linked to high acidity and elevated <strong>H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup></strong> in foods.	Correct	Salty taste is primarily detected by nuclear hormone receptors in taste cells.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase increases cyclic nucleotide levels by synthesizing <strong>cAMP</strong> and <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	In olfactory neurons, <strong>cAMP</strong> closes CNG channels to trigger depolarization.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_4cf2</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sweet taste is detected by a voltage gated sodium channel on taste cells.	Incorrect	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Incorrect	Bitter tastants are detected by the same receptor used for salty taste.	Incorrect	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron usually expresses one receptor type.	Correct
MC	<p>ce30_1dc6</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sweet taste commonly uses a <strong>GPCR</strong> pathway rather than a simple ion channel pore.	Incorrect	A signaling cascade can amplify a small input into a larger cellular response.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Correct	Salty taste is often detected by direct ion flow across the membrane.	Incorrect	<strong>cAMP</strong> can open cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) ion channels in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_34cc</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Signal amplification means each signaling step reduces the number of activated molecules.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase increases cyclic nucleotide levels by synthesizing <strong>cAMP</strong> and <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Sour taste is caused by <strong>Na<sup>+</sup></strong> entering taste cells through ENaC channels.	Incorrect	Many bitter compounds are detected through <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> signaling in taste receptor cells.	Correct	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_f527</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Salty taste is primarily detected by nuclear hormone receptors in taste cells.	Incorrect	Sour taste is linked to high acidity and elevated <strong>H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup></strong> in foods.	Correct	Each odorant activates only one receptor, so smell has a one odor to one receptor code.	Incorrect	In olfactory neurons, <strong>cAMP</strong> closes CNG channels to trigger depolarization.	Incorrect	Bitter taste occurs only when taste cells take up large amounts of <strong>Ca<sup>2+</sup></strong> from food.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_fd72</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Incorrect	Taste transduction bypasses synapses and directly activates the cortex.	Incorrect	Bitter taste occurs only when taste cells take up large amounts of <strong>Ca<sup>2+</sup></strong> from food.	Incorrect	Odorant binding can lead to <strong>G<sub>olf</sub></strong> activation and increased <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> production.	Correct	A cascade is less sensitive because it prevents second messenger production.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_2307</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Salty taste commonly involves ion movement through channels rather than <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling.	Incorrect	Signal amplification can occur when one activated receptor leads to many downstream second messengers.	Incorrect	Taste receptor cells can release neurotransmitter onto afferent neurons.	Incorrect	Sour tastants are associated with low pH and increased proton concentration.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase makes <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong> from ATP and starts signaling.	Correct
MC	<p>c26d_8459</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Phosphodiesterase makes <strong>cAMP</strong> from ATP and starts signaling.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Incorrect	In mammals, olfactory receptors are ligand gated ion channels that open directly when an odorant binds.	Incorrect	Bitter taste commonly uses <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> type receptors and downstream signaling.	Correct	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong>cAMP</strong> is converted into <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_142f</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Many bitter compounds are detected through <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> signaling in taste receptor cells.	Correct	Each olfactory sensory neuron expresses many different olfactory receptor genes.	Incorrect	Sour taste is caused by <strong>Na<sup>+</sup></strong> entering taste cells through ENaC channels.	Incorrect	Most odorants are detected by receptor tyrosine kinases in olfactory neurons.	Incorrect	Sweet taste is detected by a voltage gated sodium channel on taste cells.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_edd2</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Odor identity is determined only by odorant concentration,<strong> <strong>NOT</strong> </strong>by receptor patterns.	Incorrect	Olfactory sensory neurons typically express one olfactory receptor gene.	Correct	In olfactory neurons, <strong>cAMP</strong> closes CNG channels to trigger depolarization.	Incorrect	In mammals, olfactory receptors are ligand gated ion channels that open directly when an odorant binds.	Incorrect	Salty taste is primarily detected by nuclear hormone receptors in taste cells.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_7739</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases reduce signaling by hydrolyzing cyclic nucleotides.	Incorrect	Bitter tastants are detected by the same receptor used for salty taste.	Correct	Signal amplification can occur when one activated receptor leads to many downstream second messengers.	Incorrect	Taste transduction ends with synaptic signaling to sensory neurons.	Incorrect	Odorant binding can lead to <strong>G<sub>olf</sub></strong> activation and increased <strong>cAMP</strong> production.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_30a5</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong>cAMP</strong> is converted into <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Sour taste is caused by <strong>Na<sup>+</sup></strong> entering taste cells through ENaC channels.	Incorrect	Taste transduction ends with synaptic signaling to sensory neurons.	Correct	Each odorant activates only one receptor, so smell has a one odor to one receptor code.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase increases cyclic nucleotide levels by synthesizing <strong>cAMP</strong> and <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect
MC	<p>c26d_8ce1</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Sour tastants are detected because they increase pH inside taste receptor cells.	Incorrect	Sweet tastants are detected mainly by direct passage of glucose through a membrane channel.	Incorrect	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong>cAMP</strong> is converted into <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Phosphodiesterase makes <strong>cAMP</strong> from ATP and starts signaling.	Incorrect	Many bitter compounds are detected through <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> signaling in taste receptor cells.	Correct
MC	<p>c26d_3b8a</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Olfactory transduction primarily depends on <strong>cGMP</strong> made by guanylyl cyclase.	Incorrect	In olfaction, ion channels open only after <strong>cAMP</strong> is converted into <strong>cGMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Sweet taste is often detected by <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> type receptors on taste cells.	Correct	Bitter taste occurs only when taste cells take up large amounts of <strong>Ca<sup>2+</sup></strong> from food.	Incorrect	In mammals, olfactory receptors are ligand gated ion channels that open directly when an odorant binds.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_c788</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Many odorants activate multiple receptors, producing a combinatorial code.	Incorrect	Sour tastants are associated with low pH and increased proton concentration.	Incorrect	Salty taste is often detected by direct ion flow across the membrane.	Incorrect	Signal amplification means each signaling step reduces the number of activated molecules.	Correct	Taste transduction ends with synaptic signaling to sensory neurons.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_d0be</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Salty taste commonly involves ion movement through channels rather than <strong>GPCR</strong> signaling.	Incorrect	Sweet taste commonly uses a <strong>GPCR</strong> pathway rather than a simple ion channel pore.	Incorrect	Olfactory sensory neurons typically express one olfactory receptor gene.	Incorrect	Odor identity is encoded by patterns of activity across many receptor types.	Incorrect	Sour taste is caused by <strong>Na<sup>+</sup></strong> entering taste cells through ENaC channels.	Correct
MC	<p>c26d_2395</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #127663;"><strong>TRUE</strong></span> </strong> concerning chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Salty taste depends on <strong>GPCR</strong> activation of adenylyl cyclase and <strong>cAMP</strong>.	Incorrect	Many odorants activate multiple receptors, producing a combinatorial code.	Correct	Sour tastants are detected because they increase pH inside taste receptor cells.	Incorrect	A single olfactory sensory neuron expresses every odorant receptor type.	Incorrect	Bitter tastants are detected by the same receptor used for salty taste.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_9c46</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Olfactory sensory neurons typically express one olfactory receptor gene.	Incorrect	Sweet taste commonly uses a <strong>GPCR</strong> pathway rather than a simple ion channel pore.	Incorrect	Salty taste depends on <strong><strong>GPCR</strong></strong> activation of adenylyl cyclase and <strong><strong>cAMP</strong></strong>.	Correct	In olfaction, <strong>cAMP</strong> can act as a second messenger that gates ion channels.	Incorrect	Sour tastants are associated with low pH and increased proton concentration.	Incorrect
MC	<p>ce30_d67e</p> <p>Which one of the following statements is<strong> <span style="color: #ba372a;"><strong>FALSE</strong></span> </strong> regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?</p>	Many odorant receptors are <strong>GPCR</strong>s expressed in olfactory sensory neurons.	Incorrect	Odor identity is encoded by patterns of activity across many receptor types.	Incorrect	Olfactory transduction primarily depends on <strong><strong>cGMP</strong></strong> made by guanylyl cyclase.	Correct	In olfaction, <strong>cAMP</strong> can act as a second messenger that gates ion channels.	Incorrect	Taste receptor cells can release neurotransmitter onto afferent neurons.	Incorrect