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1: Life Molecules

Molecular design of life, major elements, and biomacromolecules.

LibreTexts reference: Molecules of Life

Chemical Bond Types and Characteristics

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Matchbatpeachgroupof the following types ofearthchemicalmucusbonds withamounttheir correspondingneedsexamples.
Note: Eachwantchoicedammwill bediscsusedubeaexactly once.

Your Choice Prompt
Drop Your Choice Here 1.
hydrogenflavinbondseven
Drop Your Choice Here 2.
polar covalent聽bond
Drop Your Choice Here 3.
ionicrpcbond
Drop Your Choice Here 4.
non-polarsnapcovalentserumbondper

Drag one of the choices below:

  • A.
    O-H 路路路路 O (bond represented bymrnastheexistdots)
  • B.
    NH4+ • NO3- (ammoniumwhennitrate)from
  • C.
    O = O (oxygenmaizegas)
  • D.
    P - O (inityriphosphate groups, PO4)areas
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Macromolecule Types and Descriptions

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Match eachcanoflayersthethingfollowingfattytypesnameoffmnmacromoleculesgetswithbfdtheir corresponding macromolecules.
Note: Each choicefusionwillcellsbeturnerusednonetdexactly once.

datp
Your Choice Prompt
Drop Your Choice Here 1.
lipids
Drop Your Choice Here 2.
carbohydratescombat
Drop Your Choice Here 3.
proteins
Drop Your Choice Here 4.
nucleicmodifyacidstreat

Drag one of the choices below:

  • A.
    side chains
  • B.
    phospholipidsbox
  • C.
    mainoceancompontent ofreachthesecondtoughbeggcell wall insetplantsabf
  • D.
    polynucleotidespushes
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Macromolecule Types and Structures or Functions

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Match eachreferof thecombatfollowingxmalestypesneuralofsystemmacromolecules with theirablecorrespondingpumpsmacromolecules.
Note: Eachdesidechoice will besangerusedzincexactly once.

Your Choice Prompt
Drop Your Choice Here 1.
carbohydrates
Drop Your Choice Here 2.
nucleicextraacidsonly
Drop Your Choice Here 3.
lipidsback
Drop Your Choice Here 4.
proteinscliff

Drag one of the choices below:

  • A.
    lysineshultz
  • B.
    uridinebeans
  • C.
    sphingosinefork
  • D.
    lactose
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Types of Chemical Bonds

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Which one ofcrytheindigofollowingmaletypes of chemicalbenchbondsbuffercorrespondpriortohiredthereachexample 'Mg2+ • 2脳 Cl- (magnesiumneedchloride)'.

donors
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Macromolecules and Their Structures

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Whichlawyerone ofbringsthe followingalongtypesbeesoffingermacromolecules correspond tomosaicthe macromolecule 'adenine'.

radar
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Types of Macromolecules

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Whichsweatonefieldofreducetheappfollowingmanualtypes ofviralmacromoleculesfamilycorrespondstereotocastorthednamacromolecule 'valine'.

seven
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Hydrophobic Compounds from Molecular Formulas

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Basednoononflowtheirblawmolecular formula, whichregiononeexposeofupontherelyfollowingtruthicompounds istissuemoststepslikelydouncehydrophobic?

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Macromolecule Types from Chemical Structures

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Guide to Identifying the Chemical Structures of Macromolecules
Carbohydrates (monosaccharides)
  • Should have about the same number of oxygens as carbons.
  • Look for hydroxyl groups (–OH) attached to the carbon atoms.
  • Carbonyl groups (C=O) are often present as well.
  • Look for the base unit of CH2O.
  • Larger carbohydrates will form hexagon or pentagon ring-like structures.
Lipids (fatty acids)
  • Contain mostly carbon and hydrogen.
  • Very few oxygens and often no nitrogens.
  • Fats and oils will have carboxyl groups (–COOH) and ester bonds
  • Look for long chains or ring structures of only carbon and hydrogen.
  • Steroids have four interconnected carbon rings.
Proteins (amino acids and dipeptides)
  • Always have a nitrogen/amino group (–NH2 or –NH3+)
  • Always have a carboxyl group (–COOH or –COO-)
  • Identify the central Cα (alpha-carbon) attached to an amino group and a carboxyl group
  • Larger protein macromolecules will have a characteristic peptide bond (C–N)
  • Try to identify common side chains (R groups).
Nucleic acids (nucleobases)
  • Must have a nucleobase, rings containing carbon and nitrogen.
  • Larger nucleic acids will have a sugar backbone and phosphate groups.
Phosphate groups (–PO42-)
  • Found in all of the macromolecule types.
  • It is best to ignore them to not let them confuse you.
  • The breakdown of carbohydrates involves add phosphates.
  • Membrane lipids have phosphate head groups.
  • Many proteins are phosphorylated for regulatory purposes.
  • DNA has a phosphate backbone.
Molecule Information
Fullvanname linoleic acid
Moleculardprimeformula C18 H32 O2
Molecular weight 280.40 g/mol
Image link link tochitinstaticcrossimage
Partitionfalsefcoefficient 6.8 logP
C/(O+N) ratio 9.0

Whichfalsejone of thethffourthosemain types of macromoleculeseyesis representedmgdlbyranthe chemicaltargetstructure ofunitlinoleicfieldacidthoseshownbulletabove?