10: Population Genetics

Students calculate allele and genotype frequencies in populations, apply the Hardy-Weinberg equation, and evaluate factors that change allele frequencies.

LibreTexts reference: Chapter 10: Population Genetics

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Conditions

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Which one of the following statements is FALSE regarding Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium conditions for non-evolving populations?

• A. random mating is actively occuring
• B. there are genotype-based differences in survival rates of individuals
• C. no genetic drift is actively occuring
• D. it is an isolated population
• E. no mutations are actively occuring

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Hardy-Weinberg Variables

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Deuteranomaly red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in the OPN1MW gene. This results in shift in the green retinal receptors toward red wavelength sensitivity. The disorder affects 1 in 20 males and 1 in 400 females of Northern European ancestry. Individuals affected with color blindness have decreased ability to see colors in which they are unable distinguish between shades of red and green. The defective gene for color blindness is located on the long arm of chromosome X at position 28.

In a study of color blindness, an X-linked recessive disorder, in a population of 1100 male humans, 429 were found to have the disorder.
Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction  

429

1,100

 ?

• A. p — Frequency of the dominant allele
• B. q — Frequency of the recessive allele
• C. p² — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals
• D. 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals
• E. q² — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals
• F. p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype
• G. 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant

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Hardy-Weinberg Allele and Genotype Frequencies

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frogs
genotype	phenotype	count
homozygous dominant	black	7,911
heterozygous	gray	11,178
homozygous recessive	white	5,911
SUM		25,000

In a field there are 7,911 black frogs, 11,178 gray frogs, and 5,911 white frogs that show incomplete dominance. What is the frequency of the dominant allele?
Note: Do not enter a percentage on the blank. For example, if the answer is 26.7%, enter 0.267 on the blank. Your answer will be a decimal value between 0 and 1.

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