1: Cell Biology
Students analyze cell structure and function, calculate surface-to-volume ratios for different cell shapes, compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic organelles, and interpret membrane transport mechanisms.
Matching Cell Receptors to Descriptions
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Match each of the following cell receptors with their corresponding descriptions.
Note: Each choice will be used exactly once.
| Your Choice | Prompt | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Ligand-gated ion channel (LGIC) | ||
| 2. G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) | ||
| 3. Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) |
Drag one of the choices below:
- A. when this receptor is activated, it can cause an immediate change in the electrochemical gradient
- B. performs autophosphorylation, i.e., it phosphorylates itself
- C. when this receptor binds the extracellular primary messenger, it then activates another intracellular protein
Matching Cellular Structures to Descriptions
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Match each of the following cellular structures with their corresponding descriptions.
Note: Each choice will be used exactly once.
| Your Choice | Prompt | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Capsule | ||
| 2. Fimbriae | ||
| 3. Peptidoglycan | ||
| 4. Sex pilus | ||
| 5. Flagellum |
Drag one of the choices below:
- A. tail-like structure for motility and movement
- B. protective layer used for evasion
- C. complex protein and polysaccharide structure within the cell wall stiff protein and carbohydrate layer within bacteria cell wall
- D. short, hair-like appendages that aid in attachment and infection
- E. used for the exchange of genetic material
Matching Intercellular Junctions to Their Functions
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Match each of the following intercellular junctions with their corresponding functions.
Note: Each choice will be used exactly once.
| Your Choice | Prompt | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. tight junction | ||
| 2. desmosome | ||
| 3. gap junction | ||
| 4. plasmodesmata |
Drag one of the choices below:
- A. collection of protein channels that allow for intercellular communication
- B. large tubes which traverse cell walls enabling transport and communication between cells
- C. parallel interweaving strands between two membranes that greatly reduce the flow of macromolecules between cells
- D. a dense attachment of anchoring proteins that a provide strong adhesion between cells
Matching Sensory Modalities to Receptor Cell Types
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Match each of the following sensory modalities with their corresponding primary receptor cell types.
Note: Each choice will be used exactly once.
| Your Choice | Prompt | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Balance (vestibular) | ||
| 2. Touch (pressure, vibration) | ||
| 3. Smell (olfaction) | ||
| 4. Vision | ||
| 5. Taste (gustation) |
Drag one of the choices below:
- A. Mechanoreceptors (vestibular hair cells)
- B. Taste receptor cells (GPCR pathways and ion channels)
- C. Mechanoreceptors (skin, e.g., Pacinian corpuscles)
- D. Olfactory sensory neurons that detect odorant molecules
- E. Photoreceptors (rods and cones)
Matching Sensory Signal Transduction Components to Functions
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Match each of the following sensory transduction components with their corresponding functions in signaling.
Note: Each choice will be used exactly once.
| Your Choice | Prompt | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Phospholipase C-β2 (PLC-β2) | ||
| 2. Adenylyl cyclase (AC3) | ||
| 3. Gustducin | ||
| 4. Transducin | ||
| 5. Tip link (hair cell bundle) | ||
| 6. IP3 | ||
| 7. CNG channel (olfactory) | ||
| 8. Mechanotransduction channel (hair cell MET channel) |
Drag one of the choices below:
- A. Link between stereocilia that helps gate transduction channels
- B. Rod G protein linking rhodopsin to cGMP breakdown
- C. Enzyme that produces IP3 downstream of taste GPCRs
- D. Ion channel opened by stereocilia deflection in hearing and balance
- E. Cyclic nucleotide gated channel that depolarizes olfactory neurons
- F. Taste G protein used in bitter and sweet pathways
- G. Diffusible messenger that raises cytosolic Ca2+ in taste cells
- H. Enzyme that converts ATP to cAMP in olfactory neurons
Matching Taste Qualities to Stimuli
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Match each of the following taste qualities with their corresponding stimuli.
Note: Each choice will be used exactly once.
| Your Choice | Prompt | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Umami | ||
| 2. Bitter | ||
| 3. Sour | ||
| 4. Sweet |
Drag one of the choices below:
- A. quinine alkaloids from plant defense chemistry, present in tonic water
- B. monosodium glutamate, a salt form of the amino acid glutamate used in seasoning
- C. simple saccharides commonly used as cellular energy sources
- D. protons (H+) that lower pH in foods and drinks
Matching Stem Cell Potency Levels to Definitions
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Match each of the following potencies of stem cells with their corresponding descriptions.
Note: Each choice will be used exactly once.
| Your Choice | Prompt | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. pluripotent | ||
| 2. totipotent | ||
| 3. oligopotent | ||
| 4. unipotent | ||
| 5. multipotent |
Drag one of the choices below:
- A. capable of developing into only one type of cell or tissue; e.g., germ line stem cell
- B. an undifferentiated cell that has the potential to differentiate into any of the 220 cell-types of the human body
- C. have the ability to turn into a number of different cells in the body; e.g., bone, muscle, cartilage, or fat cells
- D. have the ability to transform into a small number of types of cells; e.g., plasma cells
- E. extremely rare cells that have the ability to form an entire human being including the trophoblast
Matching Trophic Classifications to Definitions
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Match each of the following trophic classifications with their corresponding definitions.
Note: Each choice will be used exactly once.
| Your Choice | Prompt | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. chemotroph | ||
| 2. heterotroph | ||
| 3. lithotroph | ||
| 4. organotroph | ||
| 5. phototroph |
Drag one of the choices below:
- A. obtain energy from inorganic compounds
- B. derive energy from light rather than chemicals
- C. obtain energy from organic compounds
- D. consume other organisms for food
- E. derive energy from molecules rather than light
Matching Trophic Organisms to Definitions
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Match each of the following trophic organisms with their corresponding definitions.
Note: Each choice will be used exactly once.
| Your Choice | Prompt | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. photolithoautotroph | ||
| 2. chemolithoautotroph | ||
| 3. photoorganoheterotroph | ||
| 4. chemoorganoheterotroph | ||
| 5. chemolithoheterotroph |
Drag one of the choices below:
- A. uses sulfur, iron, or nitrogen as energy sources, but uses organic compounds from other organisms as its carbon source
- B. uses light for energy and carbon dioxide as a carbon source
- C. uses organic compounds for both energy and its carbon source
- D. uses light for energy, but requires organic compounds from other organisms to provide the carbon it needs
- E. uses inorganic compounds for both energy and carbon source
True/False Statements About Cell Theory
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Which one of the following statements is FALSE regarding cell theory?
True/False Statements About the Fluid Mosaic Model
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Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the fluid mosaic model of membrane lipid bilayers?
True/False Statements About Membrane Diffusion
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True/False Statements About Membrane Protein Functions
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Which one of the following statements is FALSE regarding functions of membrane proteins?
True/False Statements About Mitosis and Meiosis
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Which one of the following statements is TRUE about mitosis and meiosis cell division?
True/False Statements About Secondary Messengers
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True/False Statements About Chemosensation (Smell and Taste)
Click to show True/False Statements About Chemosensation (Smell and Taste) example problem
Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?
True/False Statements About Sensory Coding (Smell vs. Taste)
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Which one of the following statements is TRUE of sensory coding principles (smell vs taste)?
True/False Statements About Vision and Hearing Transduction
Click to show True/False Statements About Vision and Hearing Transduction example problem
Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding vision and hearing transduction?
Cell Receptor Characteristics
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Which one of the following cell receptors correspond to the description 'form a dimers upon binding of the extracellular primary messenger'.
Cellular Structures from Descriptions
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Which one of the following cellular structures correspond to the description 'mating structure for transfer of genetic material'.
Intercellular Junction Functions
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Which one of the following intercellular junctions correspond to the function 'parallel interweaving strands between two membranes that greatly reduce the flow of macromolecules between cells'.
Receptor Cell Types from Sensory Modalities
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Which one of the following sensory modalities correspond to the primary receptor cell type 'Photoreceptors that use opsins'.
Sensory Signal Transduction Components from Functional Descriptions
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Which one of the following sensory transduction components correspond to the function in signaling 'Heterotrimeric G protein used in olfactory GPCR pathways'.
Taste Qualities from Stimuli
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Which one of the following taste qualities correspond to the stimulus 'increased H3O+ concentration in an acidic solution'.
Stem Cell Potency Levels from Definitions
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Which one of the following potencies of stem cells correspond to the description 'cells that can maintain an undifferentiated state indefinitely and can differentiate into most, if NOT all, cells of the body'.
Trophic Classifications as Autotrophs or Heterotrophs
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Which one of the following trophic classifications correspond to the definition 'derive energy from light rather than chemicals'.
Trophic Organisms Based on Energy and Carbon Sources
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Which one of the following trophic organisms correspond to the definition 'relys on light for energy and organic compounds from other organisms for survival'.
Cell Efficiency from Surface-Area-to-Volume Ratio
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| name | Volume (μm3) | Surface area (μm2) | SA-to-V ratio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cell 1 | 10.4 | 26.0 | 2.5 |
| Cell 2 | 7.5 | 24.3 | 3.2 |
| Cell 3 | 17.2 | 21.6 | 1.3 |
| Cell 4 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 1.4 |
Which one of the following cells will be able to eliminate waste most efficiently? and why?