1: Cell Biology
Students analyze cell structure and function, calculate surface-to-volume ratios for different cell shapes, compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic organelles, and interpret membrane transport mechanisms.
Matching Cell Receptors to Descriptions
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Match each of the following cell receptors with their corresponding descriptions.
Note: Each choice will be used exactly once.
| Your Choice | Prompt | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) | ||
| 2. G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) | ||
| 3. Ligand-gated ion channel (LGIC) |
Drag one of the choices below:
- A. often called 7 transmembrane (7TM) receptors based on their structure
- B. when this receptor is activated, it can cause a rapid depolarization of membrane potential due to an influx of ions
- C. contains several intracellular Tyr amino acids that are phosphorylated when activated
Matching Cellular Structures to Descriptions
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Match each of the following cellular structures with their corresponding descriptions.
Note: Each choice will be used exactly once.
| Your Choice | Prompt | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Sex pilus | ||
| 2. Flagellum | ||
| 3. Peptidoglycan | ||
| 4. Fimbriae | ||
| 5. Capsule |
Drag one of the choices below:
- A. structure that allows for the transfer of DNA
- B. complex protein and polysaccharide structure within the cell wall stiff protein and carbohydrate layer within bacteria cell wall
- C. hair-like attachment structures for colonization
- D. whiplike structure for bacterial movement and motility
- E. a polysaccharide material that surrounds the bacterial cell
Matching Intercellular Junctions to Their Functions
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Match each of the following intercellular junctions with their corresponding functions.
Note: Each choice will be used exactly once.
| Your Choice | Prompt | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. tight junction | ||
| 2. plasmodesmata | ||
| 3. gap junction | ||
| 4. desmosome |
Drag one of the choices below:
- A. connections formed by cells that fuse together so that a relatively impermeable barrier is created
- B. a dense attachment of anchoring proteins that a provide strong adhesion between cells
- C. two adjacent cells are connected through a collection of protein channels
- D. large tubes which traverse cell walls enabling transport and communication between cells
Matching Sensory Modalities to Receptor Cell Types
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Match each of the following sensory modalities with their corresponding primary receptor cell types.
Note: Each choice will be used exactly once.
| Your Choice | Prompt | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Taste (gustation) | ||
| 2. Smell (olfaction) | ||
| 3. Hearing (audition) | ||
| 4. Vision | ||
| 5. Touch (pressure, vibration) |
Drag one of the choices below:
- A. Photoreceptors (rods and cones)
- B. Inner ear hair cells (mechanoreceptors)
- C. Olfactory sensory neurons that detect odorant molecules
- D. Cutaneous mechanoreceptors (many types; pressure and vibration)
- E. Taste receptor cells in taste buds (chemoreceptors)
Matching Sensory Signal Transduction Components to Functions
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Match each of the following sensory transduction components with their corresponding functions in signaling.
Note: Each choice will be used exactly once.
| Your Choice | Prompt | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Gustducin | ||
| 2. Phospholipase C-β2 (PLC-β2) | ||
| 3. cGMP | ||
| 4. Golf | ||
| 5. TRPM5 | ||
| 6. Phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6) | ||
| 7. Olfactory receptor (GPCR) | ||
| 8. IP3 |
Drag one of the choices below:
- A. Odorant-activated GPCR upstream of cAMP production
- B. Second messenger that triggers Ca2+ release from ER stores
- C. cGMP-degrading enzyme downstream of transducin
- D. Enzyme that cleaves PIP2 to generate IP3
- E. G protein that couples taste GPCRs to downstream second messengers
- F. Channel that helps depolarize taste receptor cells after GPCR activation
- G. Signaling nucleotide that falls in light, closing CNG channels
- H. G protein coupling olfactory receptors to cAMP signaling
Matching Taste Qualities to Stimuli
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Match each of the following taste qualities with their corresponding stimuli.
Note: Each choice will be used exactly once.
| Your Choice | Prompt | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Umami | ||
| 2. Salty | ||
| 3. Sour | ||
| 4. Bitter |
Drag one of the choices below:
- A. monosodium glutamate, a salt form of the amino acid glutamate used in seasoning
- B. protons (H+) that lower pH in foods and drinks
- C. quinine alkaloids from plant defense chemistry, present in tonic water
- D. electrolyte sodium ions common in broths and cured foods
Matching Stem Cell Potency Levels to Definitions
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Match each of the following potencies of stem cells with their corresponding descriptions.
Note: Each choice will be used exactly once.
| Your Choice | Prompt | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. multipotent | ||
| 2. oligopotent | ||
| 3. unipotent | ||
| 4. pluripotent | ||
| 5. totipotent |
Drag one of the choices below:
- A. these cells develop into multiple specialized cell types present in a specific tissue or organ
- B. have the ability to transform into a small number of types of cells; e.g., plasma cells
- C. extremely rare cells that have the ability to form an entire human being including the trophoblast
- D. can differentiate into all three basic body layers; e.g., embryonic stem cells
- E. a cell that can differentiate along only one lineage; e.g., germ line stem cells that make sperm
Matching Trophic Classifications to Definitions
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Match each of the following trophic classifications with their corresponding definitions.
Note: Each choice will be used exactly once.
| Your Choice | Prompt | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. chemotroph | ||
| 2. lithotroph | ||
| 3. autotroph | ||
| 4. phototroph | ||
| 5. heterotroph |
Drag one of the choices below:
- A. obtain their energy from inorganic chemicals
- B. obtain their nourishment from other organisms
- C. produce their own food
- D. use light as a source of energy
- E. obtain energy from molecules rather than light
Matching Trophic Organisms to Definitions
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Match each of the following trophic organisms with their corresponding definitions.
Note: Each choice will be used exactly once.
| Your Choice | Prompt | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. chemolithoheterotroph | ||
| 2. chemolithoautotroph | ||
| 3. photoorganoheterotroph | ||
| 4. photolithoautotroph | ||
| 5. chemoorganoheterotroph |
Drag one of the choices below:
- A. uses light for energy and CO2 as a carbon source
- B. obtains energy from light and organic material from other organisms
- C. derives its energy using inorganic chemicals, but its carbon from other organisms
- D. obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic compounds
- E. derives its energy using organic chemicals from consuming other organisms
True/False Statements About Cell Theory
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Which one of the following statements is FALSE of cell theory?
True/False Statements About the Fluid Mosaic Model
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Which one of the following statements is FALSE regarding the fluid mosaic model of membrane lipid bilayers?
True/False Statements About Membrane Diffusion
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True/False Statements About Membrane Protein Functions
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Which one of the following statements is FALSE concerning functions of membrane proteins?
True/False Statements About Mitosis and Meiosis
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Which one of the following statements is FALSE regarding mitosis and meiosis cell division?
True/False Statements About Secondary Messengers
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True/False Statements About Chemosensation (Smell and Taste)
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Which one of the following statements is FALSE regarding chemosensation (smell and taste)?
True/False Statements About Sensory Coding (Smell vs. Taste)
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Which one of the following statements is FALSE of sensory coding principles (smell vs taste)?
True/False Statements About Vision and Hearing Transduction
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Which one of the following statements is TRUE about vision and hearing transduction?
Cell Receptor Characteristics
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Which one of the following cell receptors correspond to the description 'form a dimers upon binding of the extracellular primary messenger'.
Cellular Structures from Descriptions
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Which one of the following cellular structures correspond to the description 'd'.
Intercellular Junction Functions
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Which one of the following intercellular junctions correspond to the function 'seal between the membranes of two adjacent cells to prevent leakage of solutes and water'.
Receptor Cell Types from Sensory Modalities
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Which one of the following sensory modalities correspond to the primary receptor cell type 'Cutaneous mechanoreceptors in skin'.
Sensory Signal Transduction Components from Functional Descriptions
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Which one of the following sensory transduction components correspond to the function in signaling 'G protein coupling olfactory receptors to cAMP signaling'.
Taste Qualities from Stimuli
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Which one of the following taste qualities correspond to the stimulus 'a milk disaccharide such as lactose, common in dairy'.
Stem Cell Potency Levels from Definitions
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Which one of the following potencies of stem cells correspond to the description 'these cells develop into multiple specialized cell types present in a specific tissue or organ'.
Trophic Classifications as Autotrophs or Heterotrophs
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Which one of the following trophic classifications correspond to the definition 'use light as a source of energy'.
Trophic Organisms Based on Energy and Carbon Sources
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Which one of the following trophic organisms correspond to the definition 'derives its energy using organic chemicals from consuming other organisms'.
Cell Efficiency from Surface-Area-to-Volume Ratio
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| name | Volume (μm3) | Surface area (μm2) | SA-to-V ratio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cell 1 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 1.4 |
| Cell 2 | 10.4 | 14.2 | 1.4 |
| Cell 3 | 4.1 | 16.3 | 4.0 |
| Cell 4 | 6.2 | 17.7 | 2.8 |
Which one of the following cells will be able to eliminate waste most efficiently? and why?