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List of Laboratory Topics

Laboratory science is the study of experimental methods, measurements, and techniques used in biological research. Laboratory work focuses on how experiments are designed, performed, and quantified using standard protocols and instruments. Questions ask students to calculate dilution volumes, prepare solutions at specific concentrations, read spectrophotometer absorbance data, interpret standard curves, and apply significant figures to measurements.

Topics

  1. Measurement Basics 2 question sets

    • Students convert between SI-prefixed units, choose values with the correct order of magnitude, select appropriate pipet sizes, and apply metric prefixes to compare concentrations or volumes.

  2. Solutions 4 question sets

    • Students prepare solutions from solids or stock reagents by calculating grams needed for a target molarity, using formula weight, and converting between mass concentration, percent w/v, percent v/v, and molarity.

  3. Dilutions 5 question sets

    • Students perform single-step dilution calculations using c1V1 = c2V2, determine aliquot and diluent volumes from stock and desired concentrations, and calculate dilution factors and concentration factors.

  4. Serial Dilutions 3 question sets

    • Students design multi-step dilution series to reach high overall dilution factors, calculate effective dilution factors across linked steps, and explain why serial dilutions improve accuracy and save materials compared to one large dilution.

  5. Enzyme Kinetics 2 question sets

    • Students measure lactase reaction rates at different substrate concentrations, plot velocity data, and analyze how temperature, pH, or inhibitors affect enzyme activity in a laboratory setting.

  6. PCR and Electrophoresis 10 question sets

    • Students extract DNA, perform initial and nested PCR amplification of the GAPDH gene, run gel electrophoresis to separate DNA fragments, and interpret band patterns.

  7. Bioinformatics 4 question sets

    • Students analyze GAPDH DNA and protein sequences using BLAST, interpret alignment scores, and use bioinformatics databases to compare sequences across species.