10: Population Genetics

Allele frequencies, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, inbreeding, and population-level variation.

LibreTexts reference: Population Genetics

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Conditions

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Which one of the following statements is TRUE concerning Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium conditions for non-evolving populations?

• natural selection is actively occuring
• the population size is extremely large
• selective mating is actively occuring
• the population is often mixed with other populations
• genes are actively being deleted or duplicated due to chromosomal alterations

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Hardy-Weinberg Variables

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In the grassland population of deer, there is a display of complete dominance in antler shape. Individuals with at least one C allele show the heavily branched antler shape, while those no C alleles show the straight antler shape.
A group of 10000 deer were observed. 9639 exhibited the heavily branched antler shape, while 361 showed the recessive form of straight antler shape.
Which Hardy-Weinberg variable is represented by the fraction 

9,639

10,000

 ?

• p — Frequency of the dominant allele
• q — Frequency of the recessive allele
• p² — Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals
• 2pq — Frequency of heterozygous individuals
• q² — Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals
• p² + 2pq — Frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype
• 2pq + q² — Frequency of individuals that are NOT homozygous dominant

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