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11: Gene Trees

Phylogenetics, tree comparisons, evolutionary distances, and patterns of inheritance.

Construct Gene Tree from Matrix (Level 1)

Click to show Construct Gene Tree from Matrix (Level 1) example problem
3 taxa × 3 taxa distance matrix
taxa Bellen Elwet Faylen
Bellen × 16 6
Elwet 16 × 20
Faylen 6 20 ×

The table above represents a distance matrix for the following taxa: Bellen, Elwet, Faylen. The values in the matrix correspond to the genetic distances between pairs of taxa.
For example, the distance between taxon Bellen and taxon Elwet is 16. Distances are symmetric, meaning that both the distance between taxon Elwet and taxon Faylen is 20 and the distance between taxon Faylen and taxon Elwet is 20.
Using this distance matrix, determine the most appropriate gene tree that accurately reflects the relationships and distances between these taxa.

 

Construct Gene Tree from Matrix (Level 2)

Click to show Construct Gene Tree from Matrix (Level 2) example problem
4 taxa × 4 taxa distance matrix
taxa Bellen Chimera Jackalope Thorret
Bellen × 24 10 34
Chimera 24 × 30 20
Jackalope 10 30 × 32
Thorret 34 20 32 ×

The table above represents a distance matrix for the following taxa: Bellen, Chimera, Jackalope, Thorret. The values in the matrix correspond to the genetic distances between pairs of taxa.
For example, the distance between taxon Bellen and taxon Chimera is 24. Distances are symmetric, meaning that both the distance between taxon Chimera and taxon Jackalope is 30 and the distance between taxon Jackalope and taxon Chimera is 30.
Using this distance matrix, determine the most appropriate gene tree that accurately reflects the relationships and distances between these taxa.

 

Construct Gene Tree from Matrix (Level 3)

Click to show Construct Gene Tree from Matrix (Level 3) example problem
5 taxa × 5 taxa distance matrix
taxa Elwet Hydra Manticore Phoenix Wyvern
Elwet × 8 42 38 40
Hydra 8 × 44 38 38
Manticore 42 44 × 34 26
Phoenix 38 38 34 × 22
Wyvern 40 38 26 22 ×

The table above represents a distance matrix for the following taxa: Elwet, Hydra, Manticore, Phoenix, Wyvern. The values in the matrix correspond to the genetic distances between pairs of taxa.
For example, the distance between taxon Elwet and taxon Hydra is 8. Distances are symmetric, meaning that both the distance between taxon Hydra and taxon Manticore is 44 and the distance between taxon Manticore and taxon Hydra is 44.
Using this distance matrix, determine the most appropriate gene tree that accurately reflects the relationships and distances between these taxa.

 

Construct Gene Tree from Matrix (Level 4)

Click to show Construct Gene Tree from Matrix (Level 4) example problem
6 taxa × 6 taxa distance matrix
taxa Elwet Jackalope Kraken Phoenix Rynoth Xeraph
Elwet × 30 38 30 54 42
Jackalope 30 × 44 18 56 44
Kraken 38 44 × 44 62 10
Phoenix 30 18 44 × 54 40
Rynoth 54 56 62 54 × 64
Xeraph 42 44 10 40 64 ×

The table above represents a distance matrix for the following taxa: Elwet, Jackalope, Kraken, Phoenix, Rynoth, Xeraph. The values in the matrix correspond to the genetic distances between pairs of taxa.
For example, the distance between taxon Elwet and taxon Jackalope is 30. Distances are symmetric, meaning that both the distance between taxon Jackalope and taxon Kraken is 44 and the distance between taxon Kraken and taxon Jackalope is 44.
Using this distance matrix, determine the most appropriate gene tree that accurately reflects the relationships and distances between these taxa.

 

Construct Gene Tree from Matrix (Level 5)

Click to show Construct Gene Tree from Matrix (Level 5) example problem
7 taxa × 7 taxa distance matrix
taxa Bellen Chimera Dibblet Elwet Rynoth Wyvern Yawclor
Bellen × 80 76 78 72 82 54
Chimera 80 × 8 44 80 40 82
Dibblet 76 8 × 40 84 44 84
Elwet 78 44 40 × 80 26 78
Rynoth 72 80 84 80 × 78 72
Wyvern 82 40 44 26 78 × 78
Yawclor 54 82 84 78 72 78 ×

The table above represents a distance matrix for the following taxa: Bellen, Chimera, Dibblet, Elwet, Rynoth, Wyvern, Yawclor. The values in the matrix correspond to the genetic distances between pairs of taxa.
For example, the distance between taxon Bellen and taxon Chimera is 80. Distances are symmetric, meaning that both the distance between taxon Chimera and taxon Dibblet is 8 and the distance between taxon Dibblet and taxon Chimera is 8.
Using this distance matrix, determine the most appropriate gene tree that accurately reflects the relationships and distances between these taxa.

 

Identify Different Phylogenetic Tree (Easy)

Click to show Identify Different Phylogenetic Tree (Easy) example problem

Find the DIFFERENT tree

Phylogenetic trees are fundamental tools in genetics research, enabling scientists to visualize evolutionary relationships among species, gene sequences, or populations. By tracing shared ancestry, these trees can provide valuable insights into genetic biodiversity. Applications of phylogenetic trees include tracking disease evolution, identifying conserved genetic sequences, and understanding speciation processes. Phylogenetic trees are indispensable for both theoretical and applied genetics.
The tree diagram below is a phylogenetic tree with 6 leaves. This phylogenetic tree is affectionately named: "6balanced2".

tree code common name: 6balanced2
 Bellen 
 Chimera 
 Dibblet 
 Hydra 
 Kraken 
 Unicorn 


Among the five phylogenetic trees displayed below, all but one have the same structure and represent the same evolutionary relationships as the tree above.
Your task is to identify the single different phylogenetic tree that does NOT share the same structure or relationships as the reference tree above.

Which one of the following phylogenetic trees represents a DIFFERENT phylogenetic tree?

 

Identify Different Phylogenetic Tree (Medium)

Click to show Identify Different Phylogenetic Tree (Medium) example problem

Find the DIFFERENT tree

Phylogenetic trees are fundamental tools in genetics research, enabling scientists to visualize evolutionary relationships among species, gene sequences, or populations. By tracing shared ancestry, these trees can provide valuable insights into genetic biodiversity. Applications of phylogenetic trees include tracking disease evolution, identifying conserved genetic sequences, and understanding speciation processes. Phylogenetic trees are indispensable for both theoretical and applied genetics.
The tree diagram below is a phylogenetic tree with 7 leaves. This phylogenetic tree is affectionately named: "None".

 Lystra 
 Ashen 
 Manticore 
 Narloc 
 Quokka 
 Hydra 
 Wyvern 


Among the six phylogenetic trees displayed below, all but one have the same structure and represent the same evolutionary relationships as the tree above.
Your task is to identify the single different phylogenetic tree that does NOT share the same structure or relationships as the reference tree above.

Which one of the following phylogenetic trees represents a DIFFERENT phylogenetic tree?

 

Identify Different Phylogenetic Tree (Rigorous)

Click to show Identify Different Phylogenetic Tree (Rigorous) example problem

Find the DIFFERENT tree

Phylogenetic trees are fundamental tools in genetics research, enabling scientists to visualize evolutionary relationships among species, gene sequences, or populations. By tracing shared ancestry, these trees can provide valuable insights into genetic biodiversity. Applications of phylogenetic trees include tracking disease evolution, identifying conserved genetic sequences, and understanding speciation processes. Phylogenetic trees are indispensable for both theoretical and applied genetics.
The tree diagram below is a phylogenetic tree with 8 leaves. This phylogenetic tree is affectionately named: "None".

 Wyvern 
 Inktoad 
 Rynoth 
 Kraken 
 Thorret 
 Xeraph 
 Unicorn 
 Dibblet 


Among the eight phylogenetic trees displayed below, all but one have the same structure and represent the same evolutionary relationships as the tree above.
Your task is to identify the single different phylogenetic tree that does NOT share the same structure or relationships as the reference tree above.

Which one of the following phylogenetic trees represents a DIFFERENT phylogenetic tree?

 

Identify Same Phylogenetic Tree (Easy)

Click to show Identify Same Phylogenetic Tree (Easy) example problem

Find the SAME tree

Phylogenetic trees are fundamental tools in genetics research, enabling scientists to visualize evolutionary relationships among species, gene sequences, or populations. By tracing shared ancestry, these trees can provide valuable insights into genetic biodiversity. Applications of phylogenetic trees include tracking disease evolution, identifying conserved genetic sequences, and understanding speciation processes. Phylogenetic trees are indispensable for both theoretical and applied genetics.
The tree diagram below is a phylogenetic tree with 5 leaves. This phylogenetic tree is affectionately called: "3comb+pair2".

tree code common name: 3comb+pair2
 Hydra 
 Wyvern 
 Dibblet 
 Gorret 
 Ashen 



Several phylogenetic trees are shown below, but only one has the SAME structure and represents the same relationships as the phylogenetic tree above.
Your task is to identify the single same phylogenetic tree that shares the same structure and relationships as the reference tree above.

Which one of the following phylogenetic trees represents the SAME tree relationships or is equivalent to the phylogenetic tree above?

 

Identify Same Phylogenetic Tree (Medium)

Click to show Identify Same Phylogenetic Tree (Medium) example problem

Find the SAME tree

Phylogenetic trees are fundamental tools in genetics research, enabling scientists to visualize evolutionary relationships among species, gene sequences, or populations. By tracing shared ancestry, these trees can provide valuable insights into genetic biodiversity. Applications of phylogenetic trees include tracking disease evolution, identifying conserved genetic sequences, and understanding speciation processes. Phylogenetic trees are indispensable for both theoretical and applied genetics.
The tree diagram below is a phylogenetic tree with 6 leaves. This phylogenetic tree is affectionately called: "6comb".

tree code common name: 6comb
 Bellen 
 Oclora 
 Vyrax 
 Chimera 
 Inktoad 
 Elwet 



Several phylogenetic trees are shown below, but only one has the SAME structure and represents the same relationships as the phylogenetic tree above.
Your task is to identify the single same phylogenetic tree that shares the same structure and relationships as the reference tree above.

Which one of the following phylogenetic trees represents the SAME tree relationships or is equivalent to the phylogenetic tree above?

 

Identify Same Phylogenetic Tree (Rigorous)

Click to show Identify Same Phylogenetic Tree (Rigorous) example problem

Find the SAME tree

Phylogenetic trees are fundamental tools in genetics research, enabling scientists to visualize evolutionary relationships among species, gene sequences, or populations. By tracing shared ancestry, these trees can provide valuable insights into genetic biodiversity. Applications of phylogenetic trees include tracking disease evolution, identifying conserved genetic sequences, and understanding speciation processes. Phylogenetic trees are indispensable for both theoretical and applied genetics.
The tree diagram below is a phylogenetic tree with 8 leaves. This phylogenetic tree is affectionately called: "None".

 Rynoth 
 Quokka 
 Manticore 
 Faylen 
 Hydra 
 Phoenix 
 Vyrax 
 Narloc 



Several phylogenetic trees are shown below, but only one has the SAME structure and represents the same relationships as the phylogenetic tree above.
Your task is to identify the single same phylogenetic tree that shares the same structure and relationships as the reference tree above.

Which one of the following phylogenetic trees represents the SAME tree relationships or is equivalent to the phylogenetic tree above?